帝国凝视:日据时期日本旅行者的台湾“蕃地”书写

The Eye of the Empire:Travel Writing on Taiwan's "Fang Land" during the Japanese Occupation Period

日据时期台湾是日本旅行者海外旅行的首选之地,特别是台湾高山族居住的“蕃地”更是吸引了不少富有探险精神的日本人前去探险旅行,从而留下了丰富的旅行书写文本。然而,在长达五十年的时间里,不同时期的台湾“蕃地”的旅行书写文本也呈现出阶段性特征。第一个阶段:从1895年到1915年,是日本殖民政权初步建立时期。“蕃地”旅行者既要面对恶劣的自然环境,还要防范台湾高山族的袭击。此阶段的旅行书因而带有强烈的探险意味,书写内容除了反映自然环境之险恶外,还凸显高山族的“野蛮”性。第二个阶段:从1916年到1930年,是日本殖民统治巩固和扩大时期。“五年理蕃计划”之后,对台湾高山族的殖民统治日益稳固,不少日本人来“蕃地”观光旅行。与早期相比,此阶段的旅行书写更多带有体验式观光的特点。第三阶段:从1930年到1945年,是日本殖民统治后期。受“涵化”“皇民化”等政策的影响,该时期的旅行书写内容侧重反映高山族“日本化”或“文明化”过程。

During the Japanese occupation period,Taiwan was the first choice for Japanese travelersto travel overseas,especially the"Fan Land"where the Gaoshan tribe in Taiwan attracted many Japanesewith a spirit of adventure to go on expedition trips,leaving a wealth of travel writing.text.However,inthe span of 50 years,the travel writing texts of Taiwan's"Fang Land"in different periods also showedphased characteristics.The first stage:from 1895 to 1915,was the initial establishment of the Japanesecolonial power."Fanland"travelers not only have to face the harsh natural environment,but also guardagainst attacks by the Gaoshan tribe in Taiwan.The travel book at this stage therefore has a strong senseof exploration.In addition to reflecting the sinister nature of the natural environment,it also highlightsthe"barbaric"nature of the Gaoshan people.The second stage:from 1916 to 1930,was the period ofconsolidation and expansion of Japanese colonial rule,After the"Five-Year Plan for Tibet",the colonialrule of the Gaoshan tribe in Taiwan has become increasingly stable.Compared with the early days,travel writing at this stage is more characteristic of experiential sightseeing.The third stage:From 1930 to 1945,it was the late period of Japanese colonial rule.Affected by policies such as"acculturation"and"imperialization",the travel writing content of this period focused on reflecting the"Japaneseization"or"civilization"process of the Gaoshan people.