福建省35~75岁居民血脂异常患病现状及影响因素分析

Prevalence and influencing factors of dyslipidemia among the residents (35-75 years old) in Fujian Province

目的了解福建省35~75岁居民血脂异常的患病现状及其影响因素,为血脂异常的防治提供科学依据。方法研究数据来源于心血管疾病高危人群早期筛查与综合干预项目,于2017—2020年,采用方便抽样法抽取福建省10个项目点的119 638名35~75岁常住居民作为调查对象,进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测。采用SPSS 18.0统计软件进行χ^(2)检验、趋势性χ^(2)检验和多因素非条件logistic回归分析。结果福建省35~75岁居民的血脂异常患病率为36.4%,标化患病率为35.4%,高总胆固醇血症、高低密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇血症和高甘油三酯血症的患病率分别为12.2%、7.6%、10.9%和17.8%。男性血脂异常患病率(39.1%)高于女性(34.6%),城市居民患病率(38.6%)高于农村(35.4%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,居住在城市(OR=1.053,95%CI:1.025~1.082)、较大年龄组(45~54岁:OR=1.275,95%CI:1.222~1.332;55~64岁:OR=1.407,95%CI:1.346~1.470;65~75岁:OR=1.318,95%CI:1.258~1.381)、高中及以上文化程度(OR=1.215,95%CI:1.177~1.254)、家庭年收入≥5万元(OR=1.109,95%CI:1.078~1.142)、高血压(OR=1.414,95%CI:1.377~1.451)、糖尿病(OR=1.653,95%CI:1.602~1.704)、超重(OR=1.723,95%CI:1.679~1.769)、肥胖(OR=2.149,95%CI:2.064~2.237)和吸烟(OR=1.187,95%CI:1.144~1.231)与血脂异常患病高风险相关,女性(OR=0.952,95%CI:0.923~0.981)与血脂异常患病低风险相关,均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论福建省35~75岁居民血脂异常的患病率比较高,应加大高血压、糖尿病的防控力度,提倡戒烟限酒,积极改变不良生活方式,针对男性、较大年龄组、城市居民、高收入和高文化人群加强血脂异常的日常监测和针对性干预。

Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of dyslipidemia among the residents(35-75 years old)in Fujian Province,and provide the scientific basis for prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia. Methods The data of the study were from the high-risk early screening and comprehensive intervention program for cardiovascular disease,from 2017 to 2020,the convenience sampling method was used to select 119 638 permanent residents(35-75 years old) from 100 sites program in Fujian Province as the subjects,the investigation was performed with the questionnaire,the physical examination and the laboratory test. The χ^(2) test,trend χ^(2) test and multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the data.The used software was SPSS 18.0. Results The morbidity of dyslipidemia in Fujian residents(35-75 years old) was 36.4%. The standardized morbidity was 35.4%. The morbidities of hypercholesterolemia,high-density lipoprotein,low-density lipoprotein and hypertriglyceridemia were 12.2%,7.6%,10.9% and 17.8%,respectively. The morbidity(39.1%) of dyslipidemia in males was significantly higher than that(34.6%) in females(P<0.01). The morbidity(38.6%) of dyslipidemia in urban areas was significantly higher than that(35.4%) in rural areas(P<0.01). Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that urban residents(OR=1.053,95%CI:1.025-1.082),high age group(45-54 years old:OR=1.275,95%CI:1.222-1.332,55-64 years old:OR =1.407,95% CI:1.346-1.470,65-75 years old:OR =1.318,95% CI:1.258-1.381), ≥ higher school educational level(OR=1.215,95%CI:1.177-1.254),annual family income≥ 50 000 yuan(OR=1.109,95%CI:1.078-1.142),hypertension(OR=1.414,95%CI:1.377-1.451),diabetes(OR=1.653,95%CI:1.602-1.704),overweight(OR=1.723,95%CI:1.679-1.769),obesity(OR=2.149,95%CI:2.064-2.237) and smoking(OR=1.187,95%CI:1.144-1.231) were related to high risk of dyslipidemia;female(OR=0.952,95%CI:0.923-0.981) was related to low risk of dyslipidemia,P<0.01. Conclusion The morbidity of dyslipidemia is higher among the residents(35-75 years old) in Fujian Province. The prevention and control measures for hypertension and diabetes should be strengthened,and the giving up smoking and limiting alcohol should be advocated,unhealthy lifestyles should be actively changed. Daily monitoring and target intervention of dyslipidemia for male,high age group,urban residents,high income and high educational residents should be strengthened.