康有为、谭嗣同的老子观比较

A Comparison of Kang Youwei’s View on Laozi With that of Tan Sitong

近代哲学家对老子倍加关注,康有为、谭嗣同也不例外。一方面,对老子的批判使他们两人的老子观最为接近,而与严复、梁启超和章炳麟等近代哲学家的老子观渐行渐远;另一方面,康有为、谭嗣同无论对老子的审视维度、思想解读还是态度评价都迥然相异,流露出不同的老学观和学术观。康有为将老子视为孔子的对立面,为了推崇孔子而批判老子;谭嗣同则基于老子对中国造成的危害,从崇俭尚静的角度批判老子。比较康有为、谭嗣同的老子观,既有助于深刻理解他们以及近代哲学家的老子观的异同,又有助于直观感受老子在中国近代的历史命运。

Modern Chinese scholars,Kang Youwei and Tan Sitong included,paid a lot of attention to Laozi.Different from others,such as Yan Fu and Liang Qichao,both Kang and Tan criticize Laozi,although their critical perspectives are not the same.Kang Youwei regarded Laozi as a figure opposing Confucius and he criticized Laozi to praise Confucius.Tan Sitong,however,criticized Laoz for his promotion of a frugal life style.The comparison of Kang’s and Tan’s views on Laozi helps us understand the complexity of people’s views on Laozi in modern times.