自动驾驶法律准入问题研究:路线、挑战与方案

On How to Legalize Self-driving:The Way,the Challenge,and the Strategy

美国、德国等在自动驾驶立法方面积累了初步经验,可为我国自动驾驶法律准入提供比较法上的借鉴与理论构建上的启发。我国自动驾驶法律准入应从产品准入法与交通行为法两个层面展开:在产品准入法层面,引入自动驾驶技术功能性概念并建立动态的、细化的准入标准,不仅注重自动驾驶车辆出厂时的系统安全性等静态标准,更须注重对自动驾驶进行全生命周期的过程性监管与动态准入,施加生产商或系统供应商的网络安全维护义务、算法更新义务;在交通行为法层面,需要根据自动驾驶技术的特征对驾驶人进行正确的法律界定,并在此基础上调整交通参与人的行为规范,创设环境警觉义务、接管义务、最小风险管理义务等行为规范,为自动驾驶商业应用构建妥适的事前规制框架。

China has made great progress in recent years in self-driving technology with the support of national policies,but its legalization remains rudimentary,and the regulation of its commercialization is imperatively needed.Based on a comparative study of the legislative practice related to selfdriving in the United States and Germany,this paper explores the way,the challenge,and the strategy regarding the legislation of self-driving technology in China.I propose to introduce a techfunctional definition of self-driving in law making and refine the required standards for people to access self-driving.It is necessary to introduce behavioral norms to regulate all the parties participating self-driving,including responsibility to monitor and alert driving conditions and that to ensure the safety of the self-driving system,in order to promote the commercialization ofselfdriving cars from the perspective of legality.