地方品质对异质性劳动力流动的影响——基于中国CMDS微观调查数据的分析

Effects of Local Quality Effects on Location of Heterogeneous Labor Force——Based on the Analysis of China’s CMDS Survey Data

针对传统研究揭示的异质性劳动力选择分类效应在中国"失灵"的现象,本文立足人民对美好生活向往的需求,提出决定异质性劳动力区位的地方品质效应。首先,通过引入不可贸易服务品数量、质量及其可及性、城市生产率水平、城市规模经济等构建了空间一般均衡模型,分析了影响异质性劳动力区位选择的逻辑机制,解释了异质性劳动力区位选择空间格局趋同的特征事实。其次,利用2011—2017年CMDS微观数据匹配分析发现,全国、区域以及不同城市规模层面的实证结果均检验了理论预期;最后,借助门槛模、型分析了地方品质的非线性耦合,揭示了地方品质对异质性劳动力的异质作用。尽管劳动力个体具有异质性,劳动力个体都具有地方品质偏好,改善地方品质、按技按需优化劳动力区位不仅是实现劳动力资源空间最优配置的需要,也是适应我国社会主要矛盾转化的内在要求。

Heterogeneous labor selection and classification effects have different characteristics in China.Based on the people’s desire for a better life,this article examines the local quality effects that determine the location of heterogeneous labor.First,by introducing the quantity,quality and accessibility of non-tradable service products,the level of urban productivity,and urban economies of scale,a spatial general equilibrium model was first constructed.Then it analyzes the logical mechanism of local quality affecting the location selection of heterogeneous labor force,and then explains the fact that the location selection space of heterogeneous labor force is convergent.Second,using the matching analysis of China’s micro labor flow data from 2011 to 2017,it is found that the results at the national,sub-regional,and different city scale levels all test theoretical expectations.Third,this paper uses the threshold model to reveal the nonlinear effect of local quality on heterogeneous labor.Finally,this article believes that although individual laborers have the heterogeneity of knowledge and skills,they all have local quality preferences.Improving local quality and optimizing the location of labor based on technology and needs are the requirements for realizing the optimal allocation of labor resources,as well as the internal requirements for solving the main contradictions of our society in the new era.