崇礼太子城遗址与金泰和宫兴废考

A Study of the Site of Taizi City and Taihe Palace in the Jin Dynasty

近年经考古发掘研究证实,位于今河北省张家口市崇礼区冬奥会赛区的太子城遗址即为金章宗时期的皇家行宫泰和宫,这是金代考古的一项重要发现。本文进而充分结合历史文献,考察太子城在明清方志中的记载情况,辨析太子城名称的由来,并重点考证金泰和宫的营造背景及其兴废史事。泰和宫当始建于明昌六年(1195年),盖得名于皇都大内的泰和殿,泰和二年(1202年)落成后更名庆宁宫,章宗曾两次驻夏于此,今可略窥其捺钵活动,至宁元年(1213年)因蒙古入侵毁于兵燹。泰和宫的修建出于防范北方鞑靼侵袭的军事需要,将原本"草居露宿"的简陋行宫筑造成"有高殿广宇城池之固"的堡垒,体现了金代捺钵制度的演变,由此也能更好地理解太子城遗址的建筑特点和历史价值。

In recent years,it has been confirmed during the archaeological excavations that the site of Taizi city,located in the Winter Olympic Games playing area of Chongli District,Zhangjiakou City,Hebei Province,is the Taihe Palace,a royal temporary dwelling palace during the Reign of Emperor Zhangzong in the Jin dynasty,which is an important archaeological discovery of that period.According to the relevant historical documents,the author investigates the records of Taizi City in local Chronicles of the Ming and Qing dynasties,analyzes the origin of the name of Taizi City and focuses on the building background,the rise and decline of Taihe Palace.Taihe Palace was built in the 6 th year of the Mingchang period(1195)and named from of the Taihe temple in the emperor’s palace.In the 2 nd year of the Taihe period(1202),it was completed and then renamed Qingning Palace.Emperor Zhangzong had lived there for twice in summer and we can learn the imperial hunting activities.In the 1 st year of Zhining period(1213),it was destroyed during the War of Mongol invasion.In order to prevent the invasion of the northern Tatar tribes,Taihe Palace was built to be a strongly fortified fortress with high halls and wide houses,instead of the simple temporary dwelling palace,which reflects the evolution of the imperial hunting system in the Jin dynasty.From this,we can better understand the architectural characteristics and historical value of the site of Taizi City.