1886年中俄珲春勘界再探——论吴大澂的“进”与“退”

Revisiting Sino-Russian Boundary Survey in Hunchun in 1886:On Wu Dacheng’s“Advance”and“Retreat”

1886年中俄珲春勘界是在近代中俄不平等条约框架内进行的。1861年中俄《勘分东界约记》签订后,沙俄仍继续蚕食中国东北边地。至1880年,吴大澂在吉林戍边之际得知俄人侵占珲春边地并占据黑顶子后,连续多次请旨派员会勘,引起清政府重视。在交涉收回黑顶子的过程中,由于俄国一直采取拖延手段,致使查勘黑顶子与图们江沿岸土字牌一带的行动均告失败。直至1885年俄国照会派遣勘界大臣与中国会办此事,中俄勘界官才于1886年重勘吉林段中俄界址。此次勘界虽解决部分中俄边界问题,但勘界的结果仍未超出1860年中俄《北京续增条约》规定的中国领土主权范围,甚至在此基础上又丧失部分领土。

Sino-Russian boundary in Hunchun was surveyed in 1886 under the terms of unequal treaty system between China and Russia.After signing Treaty of Surveying the Eastern Boundary in 1861,Tsarist Russia continued to encroach on the borderlands of northeastern China.In 1880,when Wu Dacheng was garrisoning the frontiers in Jilin,he learned that the Russians invaded Hunchun and occupied Heidingzi.As for this,he repeatedly submitted memorials to the emperor for sending official to solve the problem,which aroused the attention of the Qing government.In the negotiating process about reclaiming Hedingzi,the survey of Heidingzi and the area with terminus of[土]along Tumen River was failed because of the delaying diplomacy of Russia.The Sino-Russian boundary in Jilin section was surveyed again in 1886 until Russia send demarcation officials to settle the matter with China in 1885.Although some Sino-Russian boundary issues were solved,the results of the boundary settlement were not beyond the scope in the unequal Sino-Russian Beijing Extension Treaty in 1860 and even part of the territory was lost.