硫酸盐还原菌在酸性矿山废水处理中的应用

Application of sulphate reducing bacteria in acid mine drainage treatment:A review

综述了酸性矿山废水的产生、危害和当前对酸性矿山废水(AMD)的处理方法,重点介绍了应用硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)处理酸性矿山废水的研究进展(厌氧生物反应器技术、联合处理技术、微生物固定化技术以及微生物原位处理技术)。利用硫酸盐还原菌处理酸性矿山废水是很有潜力的处理方法,具有成本低、可去除重金属离子且无二次污染的优点。在应用过程中,酸性矿山废水pH值较低的特点使得普通微生物无法生存,可通过驯化SRB使其具有更低的pH耐受值或者分离嗜酸性aSRB,或应用生物H_(2)S处理酸性矿山废水,使得在脱除重金属的同时能够实现污酸的回用。

This paper reviews the production,harm and the current treatment of acid mine drainage(AMD),and mainly introduces the progress in the treatment of acid mine drainage by sulphate reducing bacteria(SRB)(anaerobic bioreactor technology,joint processing technology,microbial immobilization technology and in-situ microbial treatment technology).It is a promising method to treat acid mine drainage by sulphate reducing bacteria,with low cost,high removal rate of heavy metal ions and no secondary pollution.However,in the process of application,the low pH value of AMD makes it impossible for common microorganisms to survive.In this regard,we can domesticate SRB to make it have a lower pH tolerance value,or isolate eosinophilic aSRB,or apply biological H_(2)S to treat AMD,so as to achieve the reuse of polluted acid wastewater while removing heavy metals.