旱地硝态氮淋失阻控措施研究进展

Review of Soil Nitrate Leaching Control Measures in Dry Farmland

硝态氮淋失是旱地氮素损失最主要的形式,由于硝态氮淋失对地下水污染危害大、治理难,硝态氮淋失的阻控措施受到广泛地关注。介绍了农田氮素污染的现状和硝态氮淋失的机理过程与特点,综述了灌溉施肥制度优化、氮肥种类优选、改良土壤特性、配施硝化抑制剂以及耕作与农艺措施5个方面硝态氮淋失主要阻控措施。并对措施最佳适用条件、多措施组合方案以及大尺度推广应用等角度进行了展望,提出应综合系统的对旱地硝态氮淋失阻控措施进行研究,要进一步确定各阻控方案最佳使用条件,给出各阻控措施组合协作的可能,为更好地将旱田硝态氮淋失阻控技术推广应用提供理论依据。

Nitrate leaching is the most important form of nitrogen loss in arid land.Because nitrate leaching does great harm to groundwater pollution and causes difficulties in the treatment of groundwater pollution,it is necessary to pay attention to the prevention and control measures of nitrate nitrogen leaching.This paper introduces the current situation of farmland nitrogen pollution and the mechanism process and characteristics of nitrate nitrogen leaching.Five aspects summarize the main prevention and control measures of nitrate nitrogen leaching,including optimization of irrigation and fertilization system,optimization of nitrogen fertilizer types,improvement of soil characteristics,combined application of nitrification inhibitors,and farming and agronomic measures.This paper prospects the best applicable conditions of measures,multi-measure combination schemes,and large-scale popularization and application,and proposes that a comprehensive and systematic study of dry land nitrate nitrogen leaching prevention and control measures should be carried out to further determine the best prevention and control plans.At the same time,it is necessary to further determine the best use conditions of each prevention and control plan,and provide the possibility of combination and cooperation of each prevention and control measure so as to provide a theoretical basis for the better promotion and application of dry land nitrate nitrogen leaching prevention and control technology.