数字贸易赋能制造业质量变革机制与效应——来自跨境电子商务综合试验区的准自然实验

Mechanism and Effect of Quality Change in Manufacturing Industry Enabled by Digital Trade--A Quasi-natural Experiment from Cross-border E-commerce Comprehensive Experimental Zone

数字贸易已经成为全球发展的趋势。本文使用2009~2020年沪深A股制造业上市公司,以跨境电子商务综试区设立为“准自然实验”,探究数字贸易赋能制造业质量变革的作用机制与效应,结果发现:(1)设立跨境电子商务综试区能够显著提高企业全要素生产率,数字贸易推动制造业企业质量升级;(2)机制分析发现,数字贸易使得企业能获得和使用市场中更多的信息来满足消费者,提升了企业研发创新能力,进而提升企业质量。数字贸易对出口企业质量升级的影响大于非出口企业,数字贸易对两者的影响途径存在差异;(3)异质性分析表明,政治资源诅咒与基础设施限制,使数字贸易对非国有企业和高互联网发展水平制造业企业质量升级的影响更加明显;(4)数字贸易赋能制造业升级具有出口提升效应,数字贸易提升了制造业企业出口产品质量、产品种类与海外市场。本文结论对理解数字贸易在我国制造业质量改革中发挥的作用,以及数字贸易政策实践具有借鉴意义。

Digital trade has become the trend of global development.Using the listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share manufacturing industry from 2009 to 2020,and taking the establishment of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive test zone as a quasi-natural experiment,this paper explores the mechanism and effect of digital trade enabling the quality change of manufacturing industry.The results show that:first,the establishment of cross-border e-commerce comprehensive test zone can significantly improve the total factor productivity of enterprises,and digital trade can promote the quality upgrading of manufacturing enterprises;Second,the mechanism analysis found that digital trade enables enterprises to obtain and use more information in the market to meet consumers,improves the R&D and innovation ability of enterprises,and then improves the quality of enterprises.The impact of digital trade on the quality upgrading of export enterprises is greater than that of non-export enterprises,and the impact ways of digital trade on the two are different.Thirdly,the heterogeneity analysis shows that the curse of political resources and infrastructure constraints make the impact of digital trade on the quality upgrading of non-state-owned enterprises and manufacturing enterprises with high Internet development level more obvious;Fourth,the upgrading of manufacturing industry enabled by digital trade has the effect of export promotion.Digital trade improves the quality,types and overseas markets of manufacturing enterprises.The conclusion of this paper has reference significance for understanding the role of digital trade in China's manufacturing quality reform and the practice of digital trade policy.