植物类黄酮的生理功能与抗菌机制

Physiological Activities and Antimicrobial Mechanism of Plant Flavonoids

类黄酮是植物产生于不同部位的一大类次生代谢小分子,在植物各器官履行多种生理功能;对人类健康有广泛的药理和有益作用,包括抗氧化活性、自由基清除能力、预防冠心病、抗动脉粥样硬化、保肝、抗炎和抗癌活性,已获得医药及保健业的高度关注;研究表明:类黄酮还能通过破坏细菌细胞膜、抑制细菌脂肪酸、粘肽层、核酸与电子传递链和ATP合成、抑制细菌金属酶活性等,发挥抗菌抑菌作用;在细胞水平上可阻止细菌粘附到宿主受体,抑制细菌生物膜形成,不仅选择性地针对细菌细胞,也抑制毒性因子以及其他形式的微生物威胁;一些植物类黄酮能明显逆转抗生素的抗药性,提高其药效;开发和应用类黄酮药物,对抗生素耐药感染可能是一有前途的方法。

Flavonoids are a large class of small molecular secondary metabolic produced in different parts of plants.They perform a variety of physiological functions in various organs of plants and display a wide range of pharmacological or beneficial health effects for humans,which include antioxidative activity,free radical scavenging capacity,coronary heart disease prevention and antiatherosclerotic,hepatoprotective,anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities.Hence,flavonoids are gaining high attention from the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries.Notably,these compounds have been found to be a potent antimicrobial agent by destroying bacterial cell membrane,inhibiting synthesis of bacterial fatty acid,mucopeptide layer,nucleic acid,electron transport chain and ATP,as well as inhibiting the activity of bacterial metal enzyme.At the cellular level,they can also prevent bacteria from attaching to host receptors,and inhibit bacterial biofilm formation.They can not only selectively target bacterial cells but also inhibit virulence factors and other forms of microbial threats.Moreover,some plant flavonoids manifest the ability to reverse the antibiotic resistance and enhance action of the current antibiotic drugs.The development and application of flavonoid-based drugs could be a promising approach for antibiotic-resistant infections.