2018—2020年杭州市西湖区青少年近视流行病学调查

Prevalence of myopia among school studentds and its influencing factors in Xihu district of Hangzhou during 2018 and 2020

目的调查杭州市西湖区2018—2020年青少年近视流行病学特点,分析青少年近视的相关影响因素,并制定相对策略。方法采用横断面分层整群随机抽样法,选取杭州市西湖区2018—2020年6~18岁在校生4825例,均接受眼科检查及问卷调查,统计青少年近视率,并经单因素、多因素分析影响青少年近视的相关因素。结果西湖区2018—2020年青少年近视率58.03%(2800/4825),且近视率呈逐年增长趋势(χ;=285.672,P=0.000)。Logistic多因素结果发现,西湖区青少年近视的危险因素为女生(OR=2.05,P<0.01)、16~18岁(OR=16.16,P<0.01)、高中(OR=27.66,P<0.01)、户外活动时间不足(OR=4.22,P<0.01)、学习时间过长(OR=4.25,P<0.01)、学习距离<0.2m(OR=5.97,P<0.01)、观看电子设备时间≥2h/d(OR=3.60,P<0.01)、父母均近视(OR=1.61,P=0.002)、每天睡眠时间不足(OR=4.68,P<0.01),保护因素为父母总是监督及提醒用眼习惯(OR=0.23,P<0.01)。结论杭州市西湖区2018—2020年青少年近视率较高,且呈逐年增长趋势,其发生与多因素综合作用相关,需针对风险因素制定针对性预防措施,以降低青少年近视患病风险。

Objective To understand the prevalence of myopia among school students in Xihu District of Hangzhou from 2018 to 2020,and to discuss it′s influencing factors.Methods A total of 4825 school students aged 6-18 years were randomly selected in Xihu District of Hangzhou from 2018 to 2020 using cross-sectional stratified cluster sampling method.All participants were given eye examination and a questionnaire survey was also conducted.Single factor and multi-factor analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors for myopia.Results The overall prevalence of myopia in school students was 58.03%(2800/4825),and the myopia rate showed an up-ward trend during study period(χ^(2)=285.672,P=0.000).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that girls(OR=2.05,P<0.01),16-18 years old(OR=16.16,P<0.01),high school students(OR=27.66,P<0.01),insufficient outdoor activities(OR=4.22,P<0.01),overtime studying(OR=4.25,P<0.01),reading distance of<0.2 m(OR=5.97,P<0.01),daily screen time≥2 h(OR=3.60,P<0.01),both parents having myopia(OR=1.61,P=0.002),insufficient sleeping(OR=4.68,P<0.01)were risk factors for myopia of school children,while healthy eye use habits under parents supervision is protective factor(OR=0.23,P<0.01).Conclusions The prevalence of myopia among school students in Xihu District of Hangzhou from 2018 to 2020 is relatively high and is on the rise,which is related to multiple factors.