梁漱溟乡农学校实践及对乡村教育扶贫的启示

Liang Shuming’s Practice of Rural Agricultural School and its Enlightenment to Rural Poverty Alleviation via Education

教育对象与乡村民众融合,教育内容融入乡村社会;推行精神陶炼,注重乡民"智志双扶";重视教育者与乡民文化交往,启迪乡民"价值共融"等是梁漱溟乡农学校的主要特点。分析当前乡村教育扶贫存在的教育对象群体分割与教育内容脱离乡土文化;忽视精神扶贫,乡民内生动力不足;乡村教师队伍素质不足,离农向城性倾向严重等问题,借鉴乡农学校的办学实践,提出建立新型乡村社区学校,提升全体农民人力素质;加强思政课程的"精神陶冶"功能建设,扶农民之志;培养"扎根乡土"的乡村教师,实现乡村教育与文化重铸等建议,是巩固乡村教育扶贫成果,助力乡村振兴工作的一项重要课题。

Liang Shuming’s rural agricultural schools are featured by the following aspects:integrating the educational object with the rural people and integrating the educational content into the rural society,carrying out spiritual cultivation and paying attention to the"wisdom and ambition"of villagers,paying attention to the cultural communication between educators and villagers and enlightening the villagers’"value integration".This paper analyzes the following present problems:the segmentation of educational object groups and the separation of educational content from local culture,the negligence of spiritual poverty alleviation and lack of endogenous motivation of villagers,the insufficiency of the qualities of rural teachers and the serious tendency from agriculture to city and so on.Based on the school running practice of rural agricultural schools,this paper believes that the following practices are an important topic to consolidate the achievements of rural poverty alleviation via education and help rural revitalization:establishing new rural community schools to improve the human qualities of all farmers,strengthening the function construction of"spiritual cultivation"of Ideological and Political Course to support the aspirations of farmers,training rural teachers who are willing to be rooted in the local land to realize the recasting of rural education and culture and so on.