晚清至民国商事活动中掮客行为研究

A Study on the Qianke Behavior in Commercial Activities from Late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China

“掮客”为专门从事贸易居间的群体,在清代为上海地区的方言,且至少在晚清时期,这一称呼尚未普遍行用于全国。掮客虽和驵侩、牙人等同为商品交换而出现的中间商人,但却有独特之处。掮客将茶馆作为一个交易的场所,但并不提供住宿、饭饮等商业以外的服务,且其并不像牙人一样承担一部分官府的职能,反而时常会做出投机取巧、钻营欺诈等行为。其欺诈行为一旦构成,就会扰乱市场正常秩序,受到官府及行业的处罚。

"Qianke"is a group specialized in intermediary trade which was the dialect of Shanghai in the Qing Dynasty.This term was not widely used in the whole country.Qianke,such as Zangkuai and the Yaren,are intermediate merchants for the exchange of goods,but they have their own characteristics.Qianke regard teahouses as trading places,but they do not provide services other than accommodation,meals and drinks,and they do not assume part of the functions of the government like Yaren.Instead,they often engage in acts of opportunism and fraud.Once its fraudulent behavior is constituted,it will disturb the normal order of the market and be punished by the government and industry.