日本“氢能社会”建设经验及对我国的启示

Japan's"Hydrogen Energy-based Society"Construction Experience and Its Enlightenment to China

随着世界范围内环境问题日益紧迫,主要大国相继宣布实现碳中和的具体时间点。在这样的背景下,氢能作为清洁、高效、应用场景多元的二次能源,对推动能源转型、实现零碳社会能够起到突出作用。日本从2014年第四次能源基本计划开始,将氢能发展提升到国家战略高度,提出用举国之力建设世界领先“氢能社会”的口号,并制定“三步走”具体路线图,致力于在制氢与碳捕捉、利用和存储技术结合基础上,实现在2040年建成“零碳社会”的目标。日本氢能发展战略对我国的启示有三点:一是按照燃油消耗标准采用阶梯税制;二是重视氢能发展与碳捕捉技术相融合;三是重视氢能产业发展整体规划,重视氢能技术和基础设施在全社会的应用推广,并不过分偏重于氢燃料电池汽车发展。

Major countries have conducted specific time-lines for carbon neutral due to the increasingly urgent environmental issues around the world.Against such a backdrop,hydrogen energy,as a clean,efficient secondary energy with multiple application,can play a critical role in facilitating energy transformation and creating a zero-carbon society.Since the initiation of the fourth energy plan in 2014,Japan has put the development of hydrogen energy onto a national strategies,and come up with a slogan that build the world's leading"hydrogen energy society".Japan has put forward a concrete blueprint of"three steps",making efforts in combining hydrogen production with carbon dioxide capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)technology so as to realize"zero carbon society"in 2040.China can learn from Japan's hydrogen energy development strategies from the following aspects:first,adopting the ladder tax system based on the fuel consumption standard;second,attaching importance to the integration of hydrogen energy development and carbon capture technology;third,we should give priority to the all-round development of hydrogen energy industry and the application and promotion of hydrogen energy technology and infrastructure in the whole society,while the development of hydrogen cars should not be overemphasized.