女性何以增进社区治理效能?——基于Q市三个社区的案例研究

How Do Women Improve the Effectiveness of Community Governance?A Case Study of Three Communities in Q City

模糊性是社区治理的一个基本面向。推崇精确“数目字”的技术治理、制度治理、法律治理,在基层社会的生活与情感秩序的互动中有时存在无力感。当前社区女性工作人员占据数量优势,但既有的研究尚未对女性增进社区治理效能的内在机理与机制进行深入探讨。论文基于Q市三个社区的田野观察,挖掘“共情、细心、耐心、热心”等柔性因素并探究这些因素是如何匹配模糊性社区治理场景并形成柔性机制的。研究发现:第一,鉴于社区在治理事务、利益边界及话语体系等方面的模糊性,柔性因素似乎更适配模糊性的社区治理场景。作为“行政末梢”的社区,既有行政的责任,更有建立党和政府与人民群众血肉联系的责任,在与民众的情感互动中,通过“感化、带动、精细和信任”四重柔性机制,实现着“社会稳定”与“人民满意”的双重价值追求。第二,更侧重情感交互、文化浸润、理解包容的柔性因素和机制是制度、法律和技术等硬治理方式的有效补充,是建立人民满意政府的必要方式。第三,在当前中国社区治理场景中,柔性机制显现出良好的治理效果,在一定程度上解释了当前社区治理中女性占据结构优势的原因,其具有的文化力量、情感力量和治理价值应该被重新审视。

Fuzziness is a basic aspect of community governance.Technology governance,system governance,and law governance each focus on a precise“Target Number”.Despite their praiseworthy intentions,these targets are powerless in the face of life s interactions and the emotions they generate in grassroots society.Those paper do not discuss how females increase community governance effectiveness in terms of scientific principles or the law.Instead,using observations from three communities in Q city,this paper explores the flexible factors such as“empathy,carefulness,patience,warmness and enthusiasm”and discusses how the fuzzy community governance scene interacts with governance.This research finds flexible factors are more suited to a fuzzy community governance scene.Because the community is the“administrative end”,it has administrative responsibility as well as the responsibility to establish close ties between the Party,the government,and the masses.In emotional interactions with the public,through the quadruple flexible mechanism of“driving,moving,refinement and trust”,the dual value pursuit of“social stability”and“people s satisfaction”is achieved.The fuzziness focuses on emotion interaction,cultural edification,and understanding.A flexible mechanism is an effective supplement to systems,laws,or technologies that are meant to establish a system of satisfactory government.It also creates good governance effects,which explains why females are superior in current community governance.In China s current community governance scene cultural force,emotional force,and governance value should be further examined.