失重条件下运动生物力学特征:系统综述及荟萃分析

Biomechanics of Locomotion in 0 G:Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

针对失重条件下运动生物力学研究搜索了PubMed,Web of Science,Springer Link等电子数据库,通过分析和确定相关研究的偏误风险,进行了荟萃分析。共检索文献318篇,其中重复54篇,按照纳入标准,最终10篇满足要求的文献纳入分析。荟萃分析表明:①0 G下行走足底作用力相对于1 G平均降低0.17 BW,跑步足底作用力平均降低0.56 BW,0 G下跑步足底作用力与跑步速度、外加力负荷呈显著正相关关系。②0 G下行走膝关节屈峰值角度相对于1 G增加8.79°,踝关节跖屈峰值角度增加5.95°;0 G下跑步时髋关节伸的峰值角度相对于1 G减少12.59°,膝关节屈峰值角度增加7.03°,髋关节屈峰值角度减少11.19°。③0G下运动足底作用力平均降低0.35 BW。④速度每增加1 m/s足底作用力与外加力负荷每增加10%,BW的增加近似,0 G下运动关节更为僵直,可能与失重状态及着束缚系统外部力加载有关。

The researches on locomotion biomechanics in weightlessness were searched in PubMed,Web of Science,Springer Link,and other databases.The risk of bias in those studies were analyzed and determined.A total of 318 documents were retrieved including 54 reduplicative ones.Finally,10 qualified documents were included in the analysis according to the inclusion standards.The results of Meta analysis were as follows:①Compared with 1 G,the ground reaction force(GRF)decreased by an average of 0.17 body weight(BW)while walking in 0 G;Running in 0 G,the GRF decreased by 0.56 BW and the GRF positively correlated with the speed and external load;②Walking in 0 G,knee flexed 8.79°more,and plantar flexed 5.95°more.Running in 0 G,hip extended and flexed 12.59°and 11.19°less respectively.Knee flexed 7.03°more.③Meta analysis showed that the GRF decreased by an average of 0.35 BW when running or walking in 0 G.④The GRF increment per 1 m/s equaled to per 10%BW of external load.The joints became stiffer when running in 0 G and that may due to the weightlessness and the external load harness.