“节约渡荒”:新中国成立初期党领导“一两米节约运动”的实践及启示

“Saving Food and Getting Through the Famine”:The Practice and Enlightenment of“Saving One Liang Food Movement”in the Early Days of Establishment of People’s Republic of China

1949年,中国在进入转折年代的关键时期暴发了严重的自然灾害,新生人民政权面临严峻挑战和考验。危机面前,中国共产党适时制定了“生产自救,节约渡荒”的重要救灾方针,中央人民政府有计划地执行了救灾运动与节约运动相结合的政策,在政府各机关广泛开展一两米节约救灾运动,同时依托新成立的内务部成立中央机关节约救灾委员会,作为运动指导组织机构。各地政府机关、团体和军区系统积极响应,并逐步扩大到社会各界人民群众,掀起了全国一两米节约救灾及节约捐助的热潮。这一运动持续时间长、影响广泛,一定程度上弥补了国家救灾物资不足的缺陷,救济了大量灾民,增强了政府的信任度和认可度,巩固了新生人民政权,彰显出中国共产党强大的组织动员和危机治理能力。运动取得的一系列宝贵经验也为此后救灾防灾工作的开展与完善提供了历史借鉴。

Serious natural disasters broke out in the critical period in 1949.The new people’s regime was facing severe challenges and tests.In the face of the crisis,the Communist Party of China timely formulated the important policy of self-rescue through production and conservation movement.The one liang conservation movement was widely carried out in government organs.At the same time,the central organ economy and Disaster Relief Committee was established as the guidance organization.Local government organs and military region systems responded positively and gradually expanded to society.This movement had a wide impact,greatly encouraged the enthusiasm and confidence of the affected people,consolidated the new people’s regime,and demonstrated the strong organizational mobilization and crisis management ability of the Communist Party of China.A series of valuable experiences gained by the movement also provide reference for disaster relief and prevention in the future.