重大突发安全事件中的“信息疫情”风险和防治策略——基于新冠肺炎疫情的观察思考

The Risk and Prevention Strategy of“Infodemic”in Major Security Emergencies:Based on the Observation of COVID-19 Epidemic Situation

新冠肺炎疫情的暴发使“信息疫情”问题再次引起全世界的关注。“信息疫情”问题的出现和蔓延,不仅给疫情防控工作带来诸多负面影响,也给我国在重大突发公共事件中的信息治理能力和危机应对能力提出了全新挑战:一是导致有害信息“病毒式传播”,放大社会恐慌情绪;二是反智主义甚嚣尘上,挤占公众理性对话空间;三是侵蚀社会信任基础,加剧信任赤字风险;四是媒介体系变革诱发“熵增”风险,信息传播呈现失范状态。为此,要从信息发布、应急处置、舆论引导、媒介素养培育等方面着手,加快构建“四位一体”的“信息疫情”防治体系,在有效提升“信息疫情”防治的响应速度和效果的同时,不断增强重大突发公共事件中的信息治理能力,持续推进信息治理体系和治理能力现代化。

With the outbreak of the COVID-19,the issue of“infodemic”has once again caught the attention of the world.The emergence and spread of the“infodemic”not only put negative impacts on epidemic prevention and control,but also pose new challenges to our capabilities of information governance and crisis response in major public emergencies.Firstly,it results in the virus-disseminating of harmful information and amplifies social panic.Secondly,the rampant of anti-intellectualism squeezes the space for rational public dialogue.Thirdly,it erodes the foundation of social trust and exacerbates the risk of trust deficit.Fourthly,the revolution of media system may trigger entropy production,which results in the disorder of information dissemination.Therefore,we should start from information publication,emergency response,public opinion guiding and media literacy education,accelerate the construction of four-in-one infodemic prevention and control system.We should effectively improve the response speed and effectiveness of infodemic prevention and control,while constantly strengthen our capacity for information governance in major public emergencies,in order to continuously modernize the information governance system and capacity.