2BFLA-200型多品种绿肥智能混播机研制与试验

Development and test of 2BFLA-200 type multi-variety green manure intelligent mixer

为解决现有绿肥播种方式作业时存在的播种作业质量不高、排种器适用性不强、生产效率低等问题,研制一种适应多品种绿肥的2BFLA-200型绿肥智能混播机,主要设计棱锥型种箱、槽穴组合式电动排种器、匀种机构、播量自适应智能控制系统等关键部件。实验测量4种主要绿肥品种滑动摩擦角,确定棱锥型种箱最小倾面角为35°;根据所播绿肥种子大小、千粒重和单位面积用种量等因素选择槽穴组合式排种器的排种通道并设定好通道有效开度;设计满足4品种12通道的播量自适应智能控制系统,实现播种参数实时调整和播种状态在线监测。以播种紫云英绿肥为例,田间试验结果表明,影响紫云英出苗率和撒播均匀性变异系数的主次因素为:排种轮转速、匀种圆柱直径、机具前进速度,确定多品种绿肥智能混播机最佳因素参数组合为:机具前进速度5 km/h,排种轮转速44 r/min,匀种圆柱直径5.5 mm。通过田间试验验证,最优参数组合条件下紫云英出苗率为96.71%,播种均匀性变异系数为7.95%,与模型预测优化结果的相对误差也均小于5.5%,验证了所建模型与优化参数的合理性,具有较好的推广应用前景。

To solve the problems of low seeding operation quality,low applicability of seeding apparatus and low production efficiency existing in current sowing methods of green manure crops,a 2BFLA-200 type multi-variety green manure intelligent mixer was developed in this paper.Key components such as the pyramid seed box,the electric through-hole combined type seeding apparatus,the evenly-sowed component,and adaptive seeding quantity intelligent control system were designed.The sliding friction angles of 4 main green manure varieties were measured,and the minimum inclined surface angle of the designed pyramid seed box was 35°.Based on the seed size,one thousand grain weight,and seed consumption of per unit area,the seeding channel of the electric through-hole combined type seeding apparatus can be selected and the effective opening of the channel can be set.The 4 varieties and 12 channels adaptive seeding quantity intelligent control system is able to react to real-time adjustments of seeding parameters and show the on-line monitoring of seeding status.Take planting Chinese milk vetch as an example.The multifactorial experiments as well as the regression analysis of the test data were carried out,and the results show that among the three factors in the experiment,the rotation speed of sowing wheel had the greatest influence on the germination rate and variation coefficient of sowing uniformity.On the other hand,machine forward speed had the least influence on the germination rate and the variation coefficient of sowing uniformity.The optimal combination of factors and parameters which affected the sowing quality of multi-variety green manure intelligent mixer was as follows:the machine forward speed was 5 km/h,the rotation speed of the sowing wheel was 44 r/min,and the even-distributed cylinder diameter was 5.5 mm.Verified by field experiments using the optimal parameter combination,the Chinese milk vetch germination rate was 96.71%and variation coefficient of sowing uniformity was 7.95%.Compared with optimal values predicted by the model,the relative errors were all below 5.5%.This validates the optimal values of the three parameters,which has a good prospect for application.