高效埋弧焊工艺及设备的研究进展

Development of High Efficiency Submerged Arc Welding Process and System

埋弧焊具有自动化程度高、焊接质量稳定、生产效率高、无弧光、烟尘少等优点,在制造业中得到广泛应用。在埋弧焊过程,电弧在焊剂覆盖的区域里燃烧,难以直接观察到焊接工艺过程,影响了埋弧焊工艺研究的深入。首先分析了国内外在埋弧焊熔滴过渡方面的研究进展,确认渣壁过渡是埋弧焊熔滴的主导过渡形态;在此基础上,分析了影响埋弧焊焊缝成形的主要因素,进一步总结分析国内外关于埋弧焊电流波形控制方面的研究成果,并探讨焊接电流波形对焊缝成形及质量的影响规律;最后,从控制技术与功率变换技术两大方面深入探讨了埋弧焊焊接电源的国内外发展状况。数字化控制技术的普及和基于第三代宽禁带半导体器件SiC MOSFET的功率变换技术的进步将进一步推动埋弧焊工艺及设备向高频化、绿色化和高效化方向发展。

The submerged arc welding process has the advantages of advanced automation, stable welding quality, high welding efficiency, no arc, less smoke and dust, which is widely used in manufacturing. In the submerged arc welding process, the arc burns in the area covered by the flux, it is difficult to observe the welding process directly, which affects the in-depth research on submerged arc welding process. First, the research progress in metal transfer of submerged arc welding at home and abroad was analyzed, confirming that the flux-wall guided transfer was the dominant transfer form in submerged arc welding. On this basis, the main factors affecting the weld formation of submerged arc welding were analyzed, the research results on submerged arc welding current waveform control at home and abroad were further summarized and analyzed, and the influence of welding current waveform on weld formation and quality was discussed. Finally, the development of submerged arc welding power source at home and abroad was discussed in depth from two aspects of control technology and power conversion technology.The popularization of digital control technology and the advancement of power conversion technology based on the third-generation wide-bandgap semiconductor device SiC MOSFET will further promote the development of submerged arc welding process and equipment in the direction of high frequency, green and high efficiency.