部分去表皮局部皮瓣修复结核性胸壁缺损创面的临床效果

Clinical effects of partially de-epithelized local flaps in repairing tubercular chest wall defects

目的探讨部分去表皮局部皮瓣修复结核性胸壁缺损创面的临床效果。方法采用回顾性观察性研究方法。2010年4月——2021年2月解放军总医院第八医学中心烧伤整形科收治12例符合入选标准的患者,其中男9例、女3例,年龄(42±18)岁。清创后结核性胸壁缺损范围为4 cm×3 cm×2 cm~16 cm×8 cm×5 cm,均采用部分去表皮局部皮瓣修复,皮瓣宽度等于缺损区的宽度,皮瓣长度较缺损区长度增加2 cm。其中1例患者局部皮瓣切取面积过大导致供区不能直接缝合,采用自体背部游离中厚皮片移植术修复;其余患者局部皮瓣切取面积均较小,供瓣区直接拉拢缝合。观察并记录手术时长、术中出血情况、术后引流管引流量和留置时长;术后2周皮瓣的存活情况、质地和颜色,受区有无皮下积液和皮肤破溃以及供区愈合情况,包括有无切口裂开、局部感染、血肿发生。术后1个月做胸部X线、CT或核磁共振成像,检查患者胸壁缺损创面及伴发的结核病部位有无新发的局部积液和骨质破坏。随访6个月以上,记录患者胸壁缺损创面的手术切口有无瘢痕增生、红肿、窦道等。结果患者手术时长为(104±18)min,术中出血量为(119±53)mL,引流管累计引流量为(134±49)mL,引流管留置时长为(5.3±1.7)d。术后2周,患者移植的局部皮瓣全部存活,皮瓣质地和颜色与周围正常皮肤接近,其中1例患者胸壁缺损区切口有渗液,部分切口裂开,行Ⅱ期手术后创面愈合良好;其余患者胸壁缺损区创面均无切口感染、皮下积液或切口裂开等情况。患者供区切口均愈合,无切口裂开和局部感染以及血肿发生。术后1个月,患者胸部影像学检查未观察到术区存在新的骨质破坏。随访6~96个月,1例患者术后12个月在胸壁缺损创面的手术部位切口出现肿胀、破溃及窦道,行Ⅱ期手术后创面愈合良好;其余患者胸壁缺损创面的手术切口愈合良好,无瘢痕、红肿、窦道等。结论胸壁结核导致的胸壁缺损创面采用部分去表皮局部皮瓣修复,具有供区损伤小、皮瓣设计灵活、术后创面愈合良好的优点。

Objective To explore the clinical effects of partially de-epithelized local flaps in repairing tubercular chest wall defects.Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted.From April 2010 to February 2021,twelve patients who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital,including 9 males and 3 females with age of(42±18)years.The sizes of tubercular chest wall defects of patients were ranged from 4 cm×3 cm×2 cm to 16 cm×8 cm×5 cm,which were all repaired with partial de-epithelized local flaps.The widths of flaps were equal to the widths of the defects,and the lengths of flaps were 2 cm longer than those of the defects.In one patient,the local flap was too large to close the donor site directly by suturing,so an autologous back free medium thickness skin graft was used for repair.In other patients,the collection areas of local flaps were small,and the donor areas of flaps were directly closed.The duration of operation,intraoperative bleeding,and postoperative drainage volume and indwelling time of drainage tube were observed and recorded.In two weeks after operation,the survival,color,and texture of flaps,the presence of subcutaneous hydrops and skin ulcer,and donor site healing including wound disruption,local infection,hematoma were observed.Chest X-ray,CT scan,or nuclear magnetic resonance imaging was performed in one month after operation to check whether new local hydrops and bone destruction occurred in the chest wall defects and the concomitant tuberculose focus of patients.All patients were followed up for more than 6 months to record whether the surgical incisions of the chest wall defects of the patients were complicated by hypertrophic scar,redness,swelling,and sinus.Results In surgery,the patient had(104±18)min of operation duration,(119±53)mL of intraoperative bleeding,(134±49)mL of cumulative drainage of drainage tube,and(5.3±1.7)days of drainage tube indwelling time.In two weeks after operation,all the grafted local flaps survived,and the color and texture of flaps were similar to the surrounding normal skin.One patient had fluid leakage from the incision of chest wall defect area with the incision partially dehisced,which healed well after a phaseⅡoperation;no wound infection,subcutaneous hydrops,or wound rupture occurred in other patients.The incisions of donor sites in all the patients healed well and no wound disruption,local infection,or hematoma occurred.One month after operation,no new bone destruction was observed in the operative region by chest imaging examination.Patients were followed up for 6 to 96 months,with one patient having wound swelling,ulceration,and sinus in the operative area of the chest wall defect in 12 months after surgery,which healed after phaseⅡoperation;the incisions of chest wall defect wounds in other patients healed well and had no scar,redness and swelling,or sinus.Conclusions Partially de-epithelized local flap could be used in repairing tubercular chest wall defect wounds,with the advantages of flexible flap design,minimal donor site injury,and good postoperative wound healing.