疫情缓解后学生返校后的心理问题及其相关因素调查

Investigation on the psychological problems and related factors of students returning to school after the epidemic ease

目的:调查新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情缓解后10~20岁在校学生返校后的心理问题及和相关因素。方法:选取甘肃省及四川省10所学校随机抽取10个班级(从小学5年级到高三)的全班同学在课间休息时间参与匿名调查,包括一般人口学资料收集及采用抑郁自评量表(SDS)进行情绪状况自评,以SDS 50分为分界值,定义为情绪低落;自行找出心情低落主要的原因。调查完成后由2名精神科医师进行数据录入、校正和分析。结果:共有1119名学生完成调查;其中男570名,女549名;平均年龄(14.2±2.4)岁;根据SDS评分,691名学生(男344人,女347人)认为自己情绪低落,其分布为小学220人,中学232人,高中239人;390名学生(男176人,女214人)承认自己有自杀意念,其分布为小学112人,中学130人,高中148人;心情低落主要的原因由高到低依次为学习相关(36.8%)、人际关系(14.6%)、家庭原因(8.1%)、生活质量(6.9%)、校园欺凌(2.9%)、情感矛盾(2.5%)、炎热天气(1.3%)。结论:COVID-19疫情缓解后在校学生返校后的心理问题出现率高,高中女生出现心理问题的比率更高;主要因素是学习压力、家庭矛盾、同学间的人际关系。

Objective:To investigate the psychological problems and related factors of the 10-20 year-old students returning to school after new crown pneumonia(COVID-19)ease.Method:Ten classes(from the 5th grade of primary school to the senior three)from 10 schools in Gansu and Sichuan provinces were selected to participate in the anonymous survey during the break time,which included the collection of general demographic data and adminstration of the Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)for self-assessment of emotional state.Students with SDS score≥50(the cut-off value)were regarded as depression;and the main reason for depression was recognized by themselves.After the investigation was completed,two psychiatrists performed data entry,correction and analysis.Results:A total of 1119 students completed the survey;among them,570 were males and 549 were females;the average age was(14.2±2.4)years.According to the SDS score,691 students considered themselves depressed,of which 344 were males and 347 were females.According to educational background,220 were in elementary school,232 were in middle school,and 239 were in high school;390 students admitted that they had suicidal ideation,of which 176 were males and 214 were females.Distributed by educational background,there were 112 in elementary school,130 in middle school,and 148 in high school.The main reasons for low mood were learning-related(36.8%),interpersonal relationship(14.6%),and family factors(8.1%),quality of life(6.9%),campus bullying(2.9%),emotional conflicts(2.5%),hot weather(1.3%).Conclusion:After COVID-19 epidemic has eased,the incidence of psychological problems among school students returning to school are high,and the rate of psychological problems among high school girls is even higher;the main factors are learning pressure,family conflicts,and interpersonal relationships among classmates.