云南澜沧江下游地区旧—新过渡阶段石器工业初步研究

Preliminary Study of the Lithic Industry during the Paleolithic-Neolithic Transitional Period in the Lower Valley of Lancang River,Yunnan Province

目前在澜沧江下游地区发现的属于旧-新过渡阶段的遗址和地点共计8处,在时代上属于晚更新世末至早全新世阶段,这些遗存以景洪娜咪囡洞穴遗址为代表,在石器技术面貌上表现出明显的一致性、复合性和区域性特点。这些特点主要表现为在剥片技术上采用锤击法、砸击法和锐棱砸击法等多种方法,在工具类型上以砾石石器为主,小石片石器和局部磨光石器为辅,并形成以陡刃砍砸器和砸研器为主要类型的工具组合,从而在旧-新过渡阶段形成了一类极具时代性和地域性的石器工业体系。经初步分析和研究,这类石器工业的形成是晚更新世以来古人类对热带和亚热带地区资源环境适应的结果,也与区域内多种技术和文化传统的影响和交流相关。

Currently,eight sites belonging to the Paleolithic-Neolithic transitional period have been discovered in the lower valley of the Lancang River,all of which chronologically fall into the final stage of Late Pleistocene and the early stage of Holocene.Represented by the Naminan site located in Jinghong city,lithic techniques of all the sites display remarkable consistency,complexity and regional features.To be specific,the features include the co-existence of multiple flaking techniques including freehand hard hammer,bipolar and ridged-hammer bipolar;the dominance of cobble tools in the assemblages accompanied by the small-sized flake tools and partially polished tools;the prevalence of steep angled choppers and grounding tools in the toolkit.Together,they compose a lithic industrial complex during the Paleolithic-Neolithic transitional period that is particularly temporal and regional.Our preliminary analysis indicates that such a lithic industry is a result of local adaptations to the tropical and subtropical rainforest environment and resources throughout the Late Pleistocene,and meanwhile relates to the interconnections of various technologies and cultural traditions in the region.