中国社区老年人跌倒及跌倒后受伤情况分析

Prevalence of falls and fall-related injuries among Chinese community-dwelling older adults:a one-year retrospective follow-up data analysis

目的了解中国社区老年人跌倒及跌倒后受伤情况,为采取相应的干预措施提供参考依据。方法收集老年期重点疾病预防和干预项目(PINDEC)2018年7—10月北京、上海、湖北、四川、云南、广西6个地区共21084名≥60岁社区老年人的追踪随访数据,分析过去1年老年人的跌倒情况以及跌倒后受伤情况。结果中国21084名社区老年人中,过去1年发生跌倒者2979人,经复杂加权后跌倒发生率为14.7%,不同性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状态、职业、工作状况和居住地社区老年人跌倒发生率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001);过去1年发生跌倒的2979名社区老年人中,因跌倒受伤者2252例,经复杂加权后跌倒后受伤比例为79.5%,不同性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、工作状况和居住地社区老年人跌倒后受伤比例差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);因跌倒而受伤的2252名社区老年人中,受伤类型为擦伤/挫伤、手/胳膊骨折、股骨头骨折、髋部骨折、头部受伤和其他类型伤者分别为1472、242、101、89、167和416例,经复杂加权后比例分别为70.1%、10.0%、4.6%、2.4%、7.0%和15.3%。结论中国社区老年人中跌倒发生率较高,且跌倒后受伤比例亦较高,擦伤/挫伤是最主要的受伤类型。

Objective To examine the prevalence of falls and fall-related injuries in Chinese community elderly populations and to provide references for developing relevant intervention measures.Methods The information on demographics and falls/fall-related injuries during past one year for 21084 urban and rural residents aged 60 years and above were extracted from the database of Prevention and Intervention on Neurodegenerative Disease for Elderly in China(PINDEC)project,which was conducted in 6 provincial level regions(Beijing,Shanghai,Hubei,Sichuan,Yunnan and Guangxi)across China from July through October 2018.Statistical analyses were carried out on the data using SAS 9.3.Results Among all the elderly,2979 reported falls during past one year and the falls prevalence rate was 14.7%after complex weighting;the falls prevalence rate differed significantly by gender,age,education,marital status,occupation,employment,and residential region(P<0.001 for all).Of the elderly with falls during past one year,2252 had fall-related injuries,with a complex weighted ratio of 79.5%;the injury ratio varied significantly among the elderly of different gender,age,education,occupation,employment,and residential region(all P<0.01).In the 2252 self-reported fall-related injuries,the number(complex weighted proportion)was 1472(70.1%)for bruise,242(10.0%)for hand/arm fracture,101(4.6%)for femoral head fracture,89(2.4%)for hip fracture,167(7.0%)for head injury,and 416(15.3%)for other types of injuries,respectively.Conclusion Among community elderly in China,both the prevalence of falls and the occurrence of fall-related injuries are relatively high and bruise is a major type of fall-related injuries.