太原市社区老年人膳食模式与认知功能障碍关系

Association of dietary patterns with cognitive impairment among community elderly people in Taiyuan city

目的了解山西省太原市社区老年人膳食模式及其与认知功能障碍的关系,为认知功能障碍的预防控制提供参考依据。方法于2016年6月—2017年7月采用分层整群随机抽样方法在太原市抽取565名≥65岁社区老年人进行问卷调查,采用因子分析和多因素logistic回归模型分析老年人膳食模式与其认知功能障碍的关系。结果太原市565名≥65岁社区老年人中,无认知功能障碍者335人(59.29%),有认知功能障碍者230例(40.71%);因子分析共得到植物类膳食模式、肉类膳食模式、水果蛋奶膳食模式和甜食膳食模式4种膳食模式,累计方差贡献率为51.84%;在调整了性别、年龄、文化程度、吸烟情况、饮酒情况、锻炼情况、是否高血压、是否糖尿病和是否高脂血症等混杂因素后,多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,肉类模式得分是Q4者的认知功能障碍患病风险为得分是Q1者的0.570倍(OR=0.570,95%CI=0.336~0.967),水果蛋奶模式得分是Q3和Q4者的认知功能障碍患病风险分别为得分是Q1者的0.847倍(OR=0.847,95%CI=0.712~0.992)和0.527倍(OR=0.527,95%CI=0.319~0.872)。结论食用较多的水果、蛋类、奶类和肉类可降低太原市社区老年人认知功能障碍的患病风险。

Objective To explore the correlation between dietary patterns and cognitive impairment among elderly residents in communities of Taiyuan city,Shanxi province and to provide evidences for the prevention and control of cognitive dysfunction.Methods Using stratified cluster random sampling,we recruited 600 community residents aged 65 years and older in 6 districts of Taiyuan city for a survey conducted from June 2016 to July 2017.A self-designed questionnaire,Food Frequency Questionnaire and Mini-Mental State Examination were used to collect relevant information of the elderly.Dietary patterns of the elderly were discriminated with factor analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis was adopted to assess associations of dietary patterns with cognitive impairment of the elderly.Results Of the 565 participants with valid information,230(40.71%)were identified having cognitive impairment.Factor analyses revealed four dietary patterns(namely patterns of plant,meat,fruit egg-milk,and sweet food)for the participants and the cumulative variance contribution rate of the four dietary patterns was 51.84%.After adjusting for gender,age,education,smoking,alcohol drinking,physical exercise,hypertension,diabetes,and hyperlipidemia,the results of unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that compared to those with lower scores(in the lowest quartile,Q1)of meat and fruit egg-milk dietary patterns,the participants with higher scores(in the highest quartile[Q4]or in the higher quartile[Q3])of the two dietary patterns were at a decreased risk of cognitive impairment(meat pattern score of Q4 vs.Q1:odds ratio[OR]=0.570,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.336-0.967;fruit egg-milk pattern of Q3 vs.Q1:OR=0.847,95%CI:0.712-0.992 and Q4 vs.Q1:OR=0.527,95%CI:0.319-0.872).Conclusion Higher dietary intake of fruits,eggs,milk and meat are related to a decreased risk of cognitive impairment among community elderly residents in Taiyuan city.