史料细化与视野转换——辛亥革命史研究的省思

Refinement of Primary Sources and New Perspectives on Historical Interpretations:A Reflection on Studies of the History of the 1911 Revolution

辛亥革命史研究中文献考订与校勘依然任重道远:清末期刊的各种版本差异颇大,单行本、重印本与汇编本往往不同,甚至存在不小的差异,需要引起注意;部分重要文本的作者尚有待考订,可以根据前后左右的因缘加以厘清;既有重要文献集需要汇观、深耕,关键文献还有待搜寻,新披露文献值得充分利用。研究视野方面须重视反革命与不革命派的研究,将辛亥革命放到甲午战争到国民党“一大”这30年的历程中,注意南北差异、边地与内陆、区域不同步;由实入虚,将全球史、微观史、概念史、记忆史、情感史、生活史、疾病史、图像史等新视角引入,将研究推向深入。

The historical research about the 1911 Revolution remains underdeveloped,especially regarding the collecting and editing of historical materials.For example,the periodicals published in the late Qing Dynasty often exist in various formats,including single issues,reprints,and compiled volumes.Their contents sometimes vary greatly,which demands our attention.The authorship of some important texts has yet to be confirmed,and one might be able to further clarify this issue based on studies of their context and causality.Researchers also need to study the existing primary sources in both comprehensive and in-depth ways;they need to not only look for more key materials,but also thoroughly investigate recent disclosed documents.In terms of new research perspectives,historians should pay more attention to studies on the counter-revolutionary and non-revolutionary factions.They also need to place the 1911 Revolution within the context of the 30-year process from the First Sino-Japanese War to the First National Congress of the Kuomindang.In addition,they need to heed the differences between the North and the South,the borderlands and the interior,and the asynchronism among various regions.Meanwhile,in order to expand and deepen their research scale,historians should introduce new approaches and perspectives and move away from conventional research on politics and economics to new fields,such as global history,microscopic history,conceptual history,memory history,emotional history,life history,disease history,and image history,etc.