贵阳市5岁以下儿童喂养与饮食习惯对营养状况的影响

Study on the feeding and eating habits to their nutritional status of children under 5 years old in Guiyang

目的了解本地区5岁以下儿童喂养与饮食习惯对儿童营养状况的影响,为降低营养不良的发生在喂养行为方面提供参考和建议。方法采用分层随机整群抽样的方法抽取2015年8月-12月贵阳市4221名5岁以下儿童为研究对象,对其进行体格发育检查、用统一问卷对家长进行现场调查,应用SPSS 17.0统计软件包对所得数据进行统计学分析。结果贵阳市5岁以下儿童营养不良总患病率为7.37%。纯母乳喂养占59.99%,混合喂养占27.91%,人工喂养占11.96%,生后6个月内人工喂养儿童营养不良检出率高于混合喂养和纯母乳喂养方式的儿童组,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=757.109,P=0.000)。生后6个月内喂养方式、辅食添加时间、断奶时间、儿童饮食习惯、辅食添加行为及喂养行为在营养不良与非营养不良组中比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论医务工作者应加强对家长进行喂养知识的健康宣教,改善不良的喂养和饮食习惯,尽最大可能降低5岁以下儿童营养不良的发生。

Objective Knowing the impact of the feeding and eating habits of children under 5 years old to their nutritional status so as to offer a reference for reducing malnutrition.Methods 4221 children aged 0~5 years were selected by stratified random sampling from Guiyang.Physical growth assessment and the participants′parents were surveyed with questionnaire by front to front.All collected data were analyzed with SPSS 17.0 statistical software.Results The total prevalence rate of malnutrition in children under 5 years old in Guiyang was 7.37%.The proportion of exclusive breastfeeding was 59.99%,the proportion of mixed feeding was 27.91%,the proportion of artificial feeding was 11.96%.The detection rate of malnutrition within six months after birth in artificial feeding group was statistically significantly higher than those in mixed feeding group and exclusive breastfeeding group(χ^(2)=757.109,P=0.000).The feeding mode within 6 months after birth,supplementary feeding time and weaning time,children’s eating habits,supplementary feeding behavior and feeding behavior in malnourished and non-malnourished groups,the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion Medical workers should strengthen the health education of feeding knowledge to parents,improve poor feeding and eating habits,and reduce the incidence of malnutrition in children under 5 years old as much as possible.