双亲性多糖胶束的制备及作为纳米药物载体应用研究进展

Progress of the Preparations of Amphiphilic Polysaccharide Micelles as Nanoparticle Drug Carriers

天然高分子纳米胶束由于具有优良的生物相容性及内核疏水、外壳亲水的独特结构,作为载体材料可以对脂溶性药物及影像探针进行包裹增加其溶解性和稳定性,在生物医学领域得到了广泛应用。多糖具有优良的水溶性、来源广泛易得及容易进行化学修饰等优点,通过疏水化改性获得的双亲性多糖衍生物在水溶液中可以自组装形成天然高分子胶束纳米粒子。双亲性多糖的制备是构建多糖胶束的关键步骤。因此,本文对目前常用的多糖疏水化改性方法,包括侧链酯化反应、侧链开环聚合、末端还原胺化、疏水药物接枝等进行了详细介绍,并对双亲性多糖胶束的进一步功能化修饰及作为生物医用载体材料的应用研究现状进行了概述。

Due to its excellent biocompatibility and unique structure of hydrophobic core and hydrophilic shell,natural polymer-based nano-micelles have been widely researched in the biomedical field as carriers for lipid-soluble drug or nanoprobes loading to increase their solubility and stability.Polysaccharides have the advantages of excellent water solubility,wide sources and easy chemical modification,and the amphiphilic polysaccharide derivatives after hydrophobic modification can self-assemble into natural polymer micelle nanoparticles in aqueous solution.The preparation of amphiphilic polysaccharides is a key step for the design and formation of polysaccharide micelles.Therefore,in this paper,the commonly used methods for the hydrophobic modification of polysaccharides,including side chain esterification,side chain ring-opening polymerization,terminal reductive amination,and hydrophobic drug grafting were reviewed in detail.And,further functionalization and application of amphiphilic polysaccharide micelles as drug carriers were introduced.