竞争还是普惠?——政府激励政策选择与企业创新迎合倾向政策约束

Competitive or Pervasive?Government Incentive Policy and the Restraining Effect of Enterprise’s Innovation Tendency

政府创新激励政策助推着国家整体科技创新水平的提升,但也存在着微观层面企业创新迎合和宏观层面科技创新质量不高的窘境,这令我们反思政府科技政策的执行力及对企业创新的引导性是否受到企业逆向选择行为因素的"牵绊"。针对上述问题,本文选取2012-2017年A股高新技术企业为研究样本,借助《高新技术企业认定管理办法》这一外生条件对创新迎合倾向的存在性进行判定,采用PSM-DID方法检验创新迎合倾向对企业创新产出的影响;基于政策的竞争与普惠视角,分别探究创新迎合背景之下,政府财政补助与研发费用加计扣除对企业创新产出的激励效应以及创新迎合倾向对这两类政策的约束机制。研究结果表明:(1)高新技术企业存在创新迎合倾向,且会显著降低企业创新效率和创新产出水平;(2)两类激励政策对企业创新产出均表现为显著的挤入效应,但前者效果更明显;(3)研发费用加计扣除政策容易受到企业创新迎合倾向的约束,而政府财政补助不易受到创新迎合倾向的约束。本文的研究为微观主体创新迎合行为的经济后果研究提供了新的经验证据,并为进一步完善"市场主导、政府引导"的创新激励政策、实现我国高质量创新发展提供有益参考。

This paper selects A-share high-tech enterprises from 2012 to 2017 as the research sample. The existence of innovation catering tendency was judged with the help of the exogenous condition of"Management Measures for the Recognition of High-tech Enterprises". Based on the difference between the attribute of"market-led" and"government-led" policies, the innovation incentive policies are subdivided into"competitive" and"inclusive". The incentive effect of the two types of policies on the innovation output of enterprises and the constraint mechanism of innovation catering tendency on these two types of policies are examined respectively. Results show that:(1) high-tech enterprises have the tendency of innovation catering, and it will significantly reduce the innovation efficiency and innovation output level;(2) both"competitive" and"inclusive" incentive policies can significantly enhance the innovation output of enterprises, but the former incentive effect is more obvious;(3) the incentive effect of"inclusive" innovation policy is easily constrained by the tendency of innovation catering, while"competitive" innovation policy is less constrained by the tendency of innovation catering. Further study finds that the incentive effect of both types of policies can be further enhanced by a competitive external environment.