三维激光扫描技术在山林地形测绘中的应用

Application of 3D Laser Scanning Technology in Topographic Surveying and Mapping of Mountain and Forest

非接触测量是测绘技术的发展趋势,尤其面对斜坡、陡崖等危险地形的地图测绘,全站仪等接触式测量方法测图效率低或因地形限制而无法作业。无人机航测技术发展成熟,地形、地貌条件的限制往往无法达到精度要求。三维激光扫描测量方法具有非接触、全自动、快速、精度高等优点在测量领域广泛应用,在危险、困难条件中很好适用。介绍了三维激光扫描仪测量的基本原理,阐述了基于三维激光扫描技术实现精细地形测绘的作业流程,通过某工程1:500地形图测绘实践,对地形图测量精度进行检验,总结了技术与实践经验,为三维激光扫描技术在更深层次的应用与研究打下基础,为相关工程实践提供参考。

Non-contact surveying is the development trend of surveying and mapping technology,especially for map surveying and mapping of dangerous terrain such as slopes and cliffs.Contact surveying methods such as total stations are inefficient in surveying mapping or cannot be operated due to terrain restrictions.Unmanned aerial vehicle aerial survey technology is mature,and the limitations of terrain and geomorphic conditions often fail to meet the accuracy requirements.The three-dimensional laser scanning measurement method has the advantages of non-contact,full-automatic,fast,high precision,etc.It is widely used in the measurement field and is very suitable for dangerous and difficult conditions.The article introduces the basic principles of 3D laser scanner measurement,expounds the operation process of fine topographic surveying and mapping based on 3D laser scanning technology.Through the practice of 1:500 topographic map surveying and mapping in a project,the accuracy of topographic map measurement is tested,and the technology and practical experience lays the foundation for deeper application and research of 3D laser scanning technology,and provides reference for related engineering practice.