采矿扰动下芦岭矿土地利用景观格局分析与预测

Analysis and Prediction about the Landscape Patternof Land Use in Luling Mining Area under Mining Disturbance

为了给采矿扰动下的矿区土地复垦、生态修复及水土资源优化配置提供参考依据,以芦岭矿为研究对象,选取2000~2018a五期Landsat卫星影像数据,借助3S技术及景观生态学理论揭示矿区土地利用景观格局的时空演变规律,再利用CA-Markov模型预测采矿扰动情景下矿区2025a的土地利用变化情况。研究结果表明:在2000~2018a耕地和塌陷水域是芦岭矿区主要的土地利用类型,耕地和建筑用地主要以转出为主,分别减少了11.4%和8.9%,塌陷水域主要以转入为主,18年间增加了13.7%;受采矿活动影响,耕地、建筑用地、塌陷水域的景观破碎化程度增加,斑块分布不集中,景观格局朝着多样性、均衡性发展;2025a芦岭矿区土地利用类型主要以塌陷水域为主,大范围塌陷积水造成耕地毁损和部分农村居民点永久消失,严重影响矿区生态平衡及人居生活环境。

In order to provide reference for land reclamation,ecological restoration and optimal allocation of water and soil resources under mining disturbance,Luling Mine was taken as the research object,with five Landsat satellite image data selected from 2000 to 2018.The temporal and spatial evolution law of land use landscape pattern in the mining area was revealed based on 3 S technology and landscape ecology theory,and the land use change in the mining area in 2025 under the mining disturbance scenario was predicted by using CA-Markov model.The results were obtained as follows.From 2000 to 2018,cultivated land and collapsed waters were the main types of land use in Luling mining area,and cultivated land and construction land were mainly transferred out,which decreased by 11.4% and 8.9% respectively,while collapsed waters were mainly transferred in,which increased by 13.7% in 18 years.Under the influence of mining activities,the landscape fragmentation of cultivated land,construction land and collapsed waters increased,the patch distribution was not concentrated,and the landscape pattern developed towards diversity and balance.In 2025,the land use type in Luling mining area will be mainly collapsed water area,which will cause farmland damage and permanent disappearance of some rural residential areas,seriously affecting the ecological balance and living environment of the mining area.