我国海洋环境突发污染事件预警机制探析

Research on the early warning mechanism of marine environmental pollution incidents in China

近年来海洋环境突发污染事件频发,对海洋环境造成极大的破坏,建立健全预警机制对于有效规避海洋环境突发污染事件的发生或减轻其破坏性具有重要意义。但我国现有法律条文涉及海洋环境预警原则和预警体系的规定相对薄弱,海洋环境的分类管理体系增加了预警协调的难度,预警信息系统在监测技术、硬件设施建设、信息共享等方面存在不足,影响了预警管理的效能。在借鉴国外海洋环境预警经验的基础上,提出在法律文件中充分嵌入预警原则和预警体系的内容、健全预警综合协调机制、构建高效的海洋环境预警系统应用平台的政策建议。

Marine environmental pollution incidents,which happened frequently in recent year,have done great damage to marine environment.It is of great significance to establish a sound early warning mechanism for effectively avoiding the occurrence of marine environmental pollution incidents or reducing their destructiveness.However,the present conditions,such as the weakness of the early warning principle and system related provisions that embedded in legal documents,the difficulty of early warning coordination resulted from the classification system of marine environment management,the deficient information system arising from monitoring technology,facilities construction,and information sharing,affect the effectiveness of early warning management.Based on the experiences of the foreign countries in marine environmental early warning,policy recommendations can be provided as follows:Early warning principles and systems should be fully embedded in legal documents of marine environmental protection;The comprehensive coordination mechanism of early warning should be improved;An efficient application platform of early warning system for marine environment should be constructed.