朝鲜语“N_(1)N_(2)hada”类词汇使动的句法语义分析

Syntactic and Semantic Analysis of“N_(1)N_(2)hada”Lexical Causatives in Korean

根据语言类型学理论,探讨朝鲜语词汇使动的结构类型及句法语义特征。朝鲜语词汇使动分为致使移动式、命令允让式、固有词兼用式和汉字词动结式四种。汉字词动结式,即“N_(1)N_(2)hada”类词汇使动,其汉字词语素在语义上可以分别指派论元,形式上不可分离。句法结构上,与时体成分“-goitda”共现表示结果状态的持续,与施事指向型句式“-(■)ry go”“-giwih”“-get”共现凸显主体的意图性;语义表达上,谓词及其论元成分具有抽象性,直接致使义相对较弱,原因事件与结果事件之间存在蕴含关系。

According to the theory of linguistic typology,this paper explores the structural types and syntactic and semantic characteristics of Korean lexical causatives.Korean lexical causatives are divided into four types:causative move,command allowable,native tongue and two usages,and Sino-Korean word verb-resultative construction.The twomorpheme of Sino-Korean word of“N_(1)N_(2)hada”vocabulary enablers can be assigned arguments separately in terms of semantics,and cannot be separated in form.Syntactically,co-occurrence with-goitda indicates the continuation of the result state.Co-occurrence with-(■)ry go,-giwih,and-get highlights the intention of the subject.In terms of semantic expression,the predicate and its argument components are abstract,and directly cause the meaning to be relatively weak,and there is an implicit relationship between the cause event and the result event.