国内连锁餐饮企业在中国大陆的空间扩展与驱动因素研究——以海底捞为例

Spatial Pattern and Influencing Factors of Chain Catering Industry in Chinese Mainland——A Case Study of Haidilao

餐饮业作为基础性消费行业,其区位选择与优化布局对区域经济、社会和民生都具有重要影响。以海底捞在中国大陆的门店为研究对象,借助空间分析和相关计量等方法探讨其空间分布格局及其影响因素。研究发现:海底捞门店数量增长与空间扩张经历了缓慢发展和快速发展2个阶段,扩展路径为西南—西北—华北—华东—华南—华中—东北的省会城市、旅游城市及有人口、交通、经济优势的工业城市;空间分布呈现明显的局部聚集性和全域不均衡性,多聚集于"黑河—腾冲线"东南部,且表现为自西向东、由北到南逐步递减的格局,省域间分布不均衡且相对差异较大,"核心—边缘"结构较为突出,长三角、珠三角、京津唐为高聚集区;社会消费品零售总额、商服地价、人均可支配收入、路网密度、在校学生人数和人口密度6个解释变量与门店扩展都呈现出显著正向驱动。研究可为我国餐饮业区位选择、优化布局和可持续发展提供参考。

As a basic consumer industry,the location choice and optimized layout of catering industry have important impacts on regional economy,society and people’s livelihood.Taking 469 stores of Haidilao in Chinese mainland as the study subject,the spatial distribution pattern and its influencing factors are discussed by means of spatial analysis and measurement correlation,etc.The results reveal that the number growth and spatial expansion of Haidilao have went through two stages,i.e.,slow in the early stage and fast in the later stage;the expansion path goes like southwest-northwest-North China-East China-South China-Central China-northeast,focusing on the provincial capital city,tourist city and industrial city with population,transportation and economic advantages;the spatial distribution shows obvious local aggregation and imbalance of the whole area,which is mostly concentrated in the southeast of “Hu Line”;a gradual decreasing pattern from west to east,from north to south is presented and the distribution among provinces is also unbalanced and different;the core-edge structure is more prominent and high concentration areas are Yangtze River Delta,Pearl River Delta,Beijing,Tianjin and Tang;the six explanatory variables have all shown significant positive correlation with the number of stores expansion,including retail sales of social consumer goods,land price of commercial services,per capita disposable income,road network density,number of students and population density.It provides a reference for the location selection,layout optimization and sustainable development of China catering industry.