MCM-41型介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒的制备及其在DNA生物传感器中的应用

Preparation and Application of MCM-41 Mesoporous Silica in the DNA Biosensors

MCM-41型介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒具有独特的结构特征和理化性质,能够与DNA、信号探针以及多种活性纳米颗粒结合,在DNA生物传感器中得到了广泛应用。其中,球形和薄膜形的MCM-41型介孔二氧化硅具有高负载量、孔口控释和高比表面积等优点,能有效装载各种信号探针、控制粒子的扩散以及固定大量活性纳米颗粒,可大大提高DNA生物传感器的灵敏度。本文就MCM-41型介孔二氧化硅在合成方式、模板剂去除、表面修饰及应用等三个方面的最新研究作了综述。首先依次介绍了球形和薄膜形MCM-41型介孔二氧化硅的常用合成方法和模板剂去除方法,并简要描述了各方法的优缺点。其次,大致介绍了其表面性质和功能化修饰的研究现状。再次介绍了现阶段将MCM-41型介孔二氧化硅作为信号探针的传递系统、分子筛和活性纳米材料的载体来提高检测灵敏度的DNA生物传感器。最后总结了目前研究中的不足之处并展望了其未来的进展方向。

MCM-41 mesoporous silica nanoparticles(MSNs)have drawn a great deal of attention in biosensors,because of their specific structures and unique physical chemistry properties.Combined with various functional materials or molecules,such as DNA,signal probes and various active nanoparticles,MCM-41 MSNs can be developed into the multifunctional nanomaterials in the application of DNA biosensors.In particular,the spherical and porous film of MCM-41 MSNs have the advantages of high loading capacity,controlled release of pores and high specific surface area,which can effectively load various signal probes,control the spread of particles and fix numerous active nanomaterials.As a result,it will greatly improve the sensitivity of DNA biosensors.This review is intended to focus on the recent progress in synthetic methods,template removal,surface modification and application of MCM-41 MSNs.Firstly,the common methods synthesis and template removal of the spherical and porous film of MCM-41 MSNs are summarized along with a brief introduction on their merits and drawbacks.Secondly,surface modification methods are described,including surface stabilization and surface functionalization.Thirdly,the application of the spherical and porous film of MCM-41 MSNs based on the signal probe delivery system,molecular sieve and active nanomaterials’carrier to improve sensitivity in DNA biosensors are concluded.The final part outlines the challenges and perspectives.