菌肥减施对结球甘蓝养分吸收及利用的影响

Effects of Reducing Application of Functional Bacterial Compound Fertilizer on Nutrient Absorption and Fertilizer Utilization of Head Cabbage

为探讨功能菌型复合肥及化肥减量条件下栽培蔬菜的养分吸收特性及利用特征,在露地和大棚种植体系下,以结球甘蓝为试验材料,采用田间小区试验研究不同养分配比功能菌型复合肥及减量施用对结球甘蓝物质积累、养分吸收及肥料利用率的影响。结果表明,不同种植体系下,施肥处理对结球甘蓝生长后期干物质累积及N、P、K养分吸收速率,收获期N、P、K累积及肥料利用率效应显著。与常规施肥处理相比,露地和大棚种植体系下施用功能菌型复合肥处理结球甘蓝收获期干物质累积量分别增加2.4%~5.7%和4.9%~10.8%,N肥吸收利用率分别增加10.8~35.4和9.4~57.6个百分点。减量25%功能菌型复合肥处理较等量处理结球甘蓝N累积量分别增加2.6%~2.7%(露地)和4.4%~10.8%(大棚),P累积量分别增加1.6%~1.9%(露地)和7.0%~8.2%(大棚),K累积量分别增加1.5%~2.3%(露地)和0.9%~2.0%(大棚)。结球甘蓝各生育阶段对N、K(露地)吸收速率变化表现为结球-收获期>莲座-结球期>苗期-莲座期,而对P、K(大棚)吸收速率变化表现为莲座-结球期>结球-收获期>苗期-莲座期。施用功能菌型复合肥在一定程度上能有效增加不同种植体系中结球甘蓝植株N、P、K养分吸收速率及养分累积,从而提高蔬菜的肥料利用效率。总体而言,在不同种植体系下,施用不同养分配比功能菌肥可有效提高结球甘蓝的物质积累、养分吸收及肥料利用率,且适宜减量施用能进一步增加其作用效果,但应根据土壤肥力特征、作物需肥特性及栽培管理模式合理地进行选择施用。

To investigate the nutrient absorption and utilization of vegetable cultivation under functional bacterial compound fertilizer and reducing application, field plot experiments were conducted using the cultivation systems of open field and greenhouse to explore the effects of different fertilization treatments on the accumulation, nutrient absorption and fertilizer utilization efficiency of head cabbage(Brassica oleracea L.var.capitata L.). The results showed that under different planting systems, fertilization treatment had a significant or extremely significant effect on dry matter accumulation and nutrient absorption rate of N, P and K at the late growth stage of head cabbage, and N, P and K accumulation and fertilizer utilization rate at harvest time(P<0.05 or 0.01). Compared with conventional fertilization, the application of functional bacterial compound fertilizer in open field and greenhouse increased the dry matter accumulation of head cabbage at harvesting time by 2.4% to 5.7% and 4.9% to 10.8%, respectively, and increased N utilization efficiency by 10.8 to 35.4 percent(open field) and 9.4 to 57.6 percent(greenhouse), respectively. The 25%-reduction in functional bacterial compound fertilizer increased N uptake of head cabbage by 2.6% to 2.7%(open field) and 4.4% to 10.8%(greenhouse), P uptake by 1.6% to 1.9%(open field) and 7.0% to 8.2%(greenhouse), K uptake by 1.5% to 2.3%(open field) and 0.9% to 2.0%(greenhouse), respectively. The changes of N and K(open field) absorption rate of head cabbage at different growth stages ranked Heading stage-Harvesting time > Rosette stage-Heading stage > Seedling stage-Rosette stage, while Rosette stage-Heading stage > Heading stage-Harvesting time > Seedling stage-Rosette stage for P and K(greenhouse) absorption rate. To a certain extent, the application of functional bacteria compound fertilizer can effectively increase the N, P and K absorption rate and nutrient accumulation of head cabbage under different planting systems, and thus improve fertilizer utilization efficiency of vegetables. Generally, the application of functional bacterial fertilizers with different distribution ratios of nutrients can effectively improve the material accumulation, nutrient absorption and fertilizer utilization of head cabbage under different planting systems, and its effect can be further increased by appropriate reducing application. Thus, the application of bacterial fertilizer should be rationally selected and applied depending on different soil fertility, crop fertilizer requirement characteristics and cultivation management mode.