境外投资补贴的规制动因、审查框架与中国应对——以欧盟《外国补贴条例草案》为切入点

Regulatory Motivation,Screening Regime and China’s Response to Overseas Investment Subsidies——Through EU’s Draft Regulation on Foreign Subsidies

欧盟发布的《外国补贴条例草案》确立了一种全新的审查模式,即针对投资与政府采购的事前监管与依职权审查的事后监管。如果说通过监管措施实现"竞争中性",致力于提供市场主体平等的地位,那么如何使这种监管行为本身纳入国际法框架,体现国际法基本原则的指引更应成为前置考量。我国应对此进行纠偏申明,并进一步在监管技术层面和欧美国家展开对话,构建磋商机制,逐步发掘"竞争中性"的内涵,扩大共识;同时,继续深化国内改革,构建对竞争中性国际规制风险的管控制衡机制,在国内立法中对境外投资补贴进行对等监管。

The draft regulation on foreign subsidies issued by the European Union establishes a new screening regime,namely ex-ante review for investment and government procurement,and ex-post regulation by ex-officio review.If it’s said that“competitive neutrality”is achieved by regulatory measures in order to provide equal status of market entities,then how to integrate this regulatory behavior itself into the framework of international law and reflect the guidelines of the basic principles of international law should become the preconsideration.China ought to make a rectification statement on this,further carry out dialogue with European and American countries in terms of regulatory techniques,stablish a consultation mechanism,explore the clarification of“competitive neutrality”step by step,and expand consensus;at the same time,continue to deepen domestic reform,build a controlling and balancing mechanism for international regulatory risks of“competitive neutrality”,and conduct reciprocal regulation of overseas investment subsidies in domestic legislation.