弃儒与归儒:徽商家族的职业抉择--明中后期士商关系再探讨

Abandoning Confucianism and returning to Confucianism:the career choice of Huizhou Merchants'family--On the relationship between scholars and businessmen in the middle and late Ming Dynasty

徽州“弃儒就贾”现象及汪道昆“良贾何负闳儒”等言论通常被作为明中后期商人社会地位提高及士商融合的证明。但是,在明中后期徽商家族中,还存在较为普遍的“舍贾归儒”现象。“舍贾归儒”现象的广泛存在,说明徽商仍然以业儒为首要选择。无论是“舍贾归儒”,还是“弃儒就贾”,都是徽商维持家族发展的权宜之计,不宜对此过度解读。明中后期传统中国的“四民社会”并未发生根本改变。

the phenomenon of"Abandoning Confucianism to do business"in Huizhou and Wang Daokun's idea of"Merchants are not inferior to scholars"are usually used as proof of the improvement of merchants'social status and the integration of scholars and merchants in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.However,in the Hui merchant family in the middle and late Ming Dynasty,there was still a more common phenomenon of"Abandoning business and return to Confucianism".The widespread existence of this phenomenon shows that Huizhou merchants still take Confucianism as their primary choice.Whether it is"Abandoning Confucianism to do business"or"Abandoning business and return to Confucianism",it is an expedient means for Huizhou merchants to maintain family development,which should not be over interpreted.The“Four social groups”consisting of scholars,agriculture,industry,and commerce in traditional China did not change fundamentally in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.