数值差分算法在静电场模拟实验中的设计与应用

Design and Application of Numerical Difference Algorithm in Electrostatic Field Simulation Experiment

在普通物理实验中,一般先测出空间电势的分布或等势线,再根据电场线与等势线垂直和沿着电场线的方向电势逐渐降低的原理,画出电极之间的电场强度分布。但这是一种定性的研究方法,无法得到电场强度的具体数值。将数值差分算法引入到静电场模拟实验中,基于MATLAB计算得到空间电场强度的具体数值,进一步还可以得到空间电荷的具体数值,这样可以得到更更富的静电场信息。该方法可以拓展静电场模拟实验的深度和广度,有效地训练同学们利用计算机编程方法处理数据的能力。

In experiment of college physics,we usually measure the equipotential lines in space at first,and then get the distribution of electric field intensity qualitatively according to the principle that the electric field line is perpendicular to the equipotential line and decreases gradually along the direction of the electric field line,but specific value of the electric field intensity cannot be obtained.We can calculate specific value of electric field intensity and charge distribution using MATLAB based on numerical difference algorithm,so that we can get more information about the electrostatic field.This method can expand the depth and breadth of the experiment and effectively train students’ability to process data by computer programming.