我国环境侵权民事责任制度的反思

Reflection on the Civil Liability System of Environmental Tort in China

随着五位一体总体布局的全面推进,生态文明建设越来越重要,环境问题更加得到社会的关注。为了更好的解决环境污染问题,必须做好环境保护的顶层设计即法律层面的制度规范,完备的环境侵权民事责任制度能为环境保护提供有力的法律武器。从环境污染案例入手,通过了解《民法通则》《环境保护法》等环境侵权民事责任制度的现状,分析我国环境侵权民事责任制度的立法缺陷,提出了完善环境侵权民事责任制度的建议,涉及到精神损害赔偿、法律适用、责任区分、环境侵权民事责任主体以及环境侵权诉讼时效等五方面内容。

With the overall promotion of the Five-sphere Integrated Plan,ecological civilization construction is becoming more and more important,and environmental issues are drawing more attention from the society.In order to better solve the problem of environmental pollution,it is necessary to do a good job in the top-level design of environmental protection,that is,the legal systemnorms.A complete system of civil liability for environmental tort can provide a powerful legal weapon for environmental protection.Starting from the environmental pollution case,through understanding the current situation of environmental tort civil liability system such as"general principles of the civil law","environmental protection law"and so on,this paper analyzed the defects of legislation in the environmental tort civil liability system,and put forward suggestions to improve the environmental tort civil liability system,which involve five aspects:compensation for spiritual damage,application of law,distinction of responsibility,subject of civil liability for environmental tort and limitation of action for environmental tort.