国家多层水生态健康保障体系构建

National multi-level guarantee system for the water ecological health

水生态是生态文明建设的重要基础,保障水生态健康是国家水安全的重要组成部分。水生态健康涉及因素多、部门多、学科多,急需要构建系统的保障体系来支撑。本文在系统总结水生态健康前期研究成果的基础上,结合国家构建生态安全的重大需求,提出了判别水生态健康的3个准则,构建了水生态健康5层级划分体系,并分析其各层级的目标和协同保障理念;建立了水生态健康保障体系框架,包括“八大系统”,即监测、评估、诊断、工程、调控、科技、制度、管理系统,论述了水生态健康保障体系的主要内容和关键问题;阐述了水生态健康保障体系协同建设的总体思路以及主要水生态健康保障体系的建设重点。可为全国以及不同层级流域或区域的水生态健康保障体系构建和水安全战略实施提供参考。

Water ecology is an important foundation for the ecological civilization construction,and ensur⁃ing the health of water ecology is an important part of national water security.Water ecological health in⁃volves multiple factors,multiple departments,and multiple disciplines,so there is an urgent need to estab⁃lish a systematic guarantee system to support it.Firstly,3 assessing criteria and a 5-level classification sys⁃tem for water ecological health are proposed,and the objectives of each level and the concept of collabora⁃tive guarantee concept are analyzed on the basis of systematically summarizing the previous research results of water ecological health and combining with the national major needs for constructing ecological security.Secondly,a framework for water ecological health guarantee system is established,including 8 aspects,namely monitoring,evaluation,diagnosis,engineering,regulation,technology,institution,and management.And the main contents and key issues of the water ecological health guarantee system are discussed.Final⁃ly,the general idea of the collaborative construction of water ecological health guarantee system and the key points of construction of the main water ecological health system are described.It provides a reference for the construction of water ecological health guarantee system and the implementation of water security strategies across the country and at different levels of basins or regions.