长江经济带供水安全保障战略研究

Study on the strategy of water supply security in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

水安全保障是实现长江经济带高质量发展的基础。本文根据近10年长江经济带用水总量、用水结构和用水指标变化情况,分析长江经济带及各区域、典型城市、农业灌溉用水及农村饮用水特征及存在的问题,提出解决对策。研究表明:长江经济带用水总量虽已趋于稳定,但区域间存在差异,特别是中部地区用水指标偏高,仍然有较大的节水潜力;影响供水安全的主要问题是水质性缺水、干旱年缺水和供水保障率不高。建议:补齐水工程建设短板,加强水利工程联合调控,加大水污染治理和节水减排力度,提高水源地建设和保护;遇特殊年份,还需按用水类别实施应急管理以减小损失,保障长江经济带水资源可持续利用和生态环境良好。

Water supply security is the foundation for realizing the high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB).Based on data analysis for the changes in the total water consumption,wa⁃ter structure and water consumption indicators of the YREB in the past 10 years,this study analyzed the characteristics and existing problems of water use,typical urban water supply,agricultural irrigation,and rural drinking water in YREB,and furthermore proposed solutions.The results indicate that the total amount of water used in the YREB tends to be stable overall although it varies from region to region;the water consumption index is still high,especially in the central area,which still has great water saving po⁃tential.In the face of major issues that affect water supply safety such as water shortages in quality,water shortages in drought years,and increasing water supply security rates,it is recommended that not only the shortcomings of water engineering construction should be supplemented,and joint control of water conservan⁃cy projects should be strengthened.More important is to strengthen water pollution control,save water and reduce emissions,and improve the construction and protection of local water sources and backup water sources.In special drought years,it is necessary to strengthen demand and emergency management accord⁃ing to the types of water use,reduce drought losses,and ensure the sustainable use of water resources and a sound ecological environment in the YREB.