抚养负担对农户宅基地退出前后福利变化的影响——基于教育人力资本的调节效应

Effect of Dependency Burden on the Change of the Farmers’Welfare before and after Quitting Rural Residential Land——Based on the Regulating Effect of Human Capital in Education

本文基于宅基地退出试点区安徽省金寨县297户农户的微观调研数据,运用多元线性回归模型和分组回归模型,实证检验了抚养负担、教育人力资本对农户宅基地退出前后福利变化的影响。结果发现,研究区域在实施宅基地退出后农户福利水平总体上普遍提升;抚养负担显著地抑制了农户宅基地退出后福利水平的提升,而教育人力资本显著地促进了农户宅基地退出后福利水平的提升;教育人力资本能显著地减弱抚养负担对农户福利变化的抑制作用;对于城市近郊区和远郊区不同区位的宅基地,抚养负担、教育人力资本对农户宅基地退出前后福利变化的影响存在显著差异;从农户抚养负担结构看,老龄化负担对农户宅基地退出前后福利变化的不利影响强于抚幼负担,且教育人力资本均能缓解老龄化负担、抚幼负担对农户宅基地退出前后福利变化的不利影响。最后,本文提出完善农村养老保障制度,大力开展农民职业教育,针对不同区位的宅基地和异质化农户家庭应实施差别化的宅基地退出政策等建议。

Based on the micro-data of 297 households in Jinzhai county,Anhui province,this paper uses a multiple linear regression model and grouping regression model to empirically test the influence of dependency burden and educational human capital on the change of the farmers’welfare after quitting rural residential land.The results show that:4.71%of farmers’welfare level decreased after quitting rural residential land,the welfare level of farmers has been improved after quitting rural residential land.Dependency burden has a negative influence on the change of the farmers’welfare after quitting rural residential land,educational human capital has a positive impact on the change of the farmers’welfare,and educational human capital can alleviate the negative impact of dependency burden on the change of the farmers’welfare.The influences of dependency burden and educational human capital on the change of the farmers’welfare after quitting rural residential land in different regions are different.Due to the different nature of the burden reflected by the aging burden and the burden of care for children,the negative impact of the aging burden on the welfare change of farmers is stronger than that of care for children,and educational human capital can alleviate the negative impact of the burden of aging and the burden of caring for children on the change of the farmers’welfare.Finally,the paper puts forward some suggestions,such as improving the supporting systems such as social security for rural households,carrying out vocational education for farmers,implementing a differentiated policy of quitting rural residential land for different regions and households.