美坝白语的体系统

The Aspect System in Meiba Bai

本文在类型学的理论框架下对云南大理美坝白语的体系统进行描写。美坝白语的体分为核心体、非核心体及起始体与尝试体。核心体包括完整体、进行体;非核心体包括结果性完成体、经历体、展望体。结果性完成体和经历体表达发生在参照时间之前的事件,是一种回顾,展望体则表达的是发生在参照时间之后的事件,是一种展望,它们正好构成一个对称的系统。完整体、结果性完成体、经历体、起始体和展望体可以连用,强调已经发生或开始的事件,或表达动作事件状态即将出现。

This paper presents a description of the aspect system in Meiba Bai under the framework of linguistic typology.Meiba Bai has core aspects,non-core aspects,as well as inchoative and tentative aspects.The core aspects include the perfective and the progressive aspects,while the non-core aspects include the resultative perfect,the experiential and the prospective aspects.The resultative perfect and the experiential aspects express events taking place prior to the reference time,indicating retrospect,while the prospective aspect expresses events taking place after the reference time,indicating prospect,the three of them forming an exactly symmetric sub-system.The perfective,resultative perfect,experiential,inchoative and prospective aspect markers can co-occur,indicating an emphasis on what already took place or started,or expressing an activity,event,or state that is about to happen or occur.