中世纪行会学徒制对当代研究生导学关系构建的启示

The Enlightenment of Medieval Guild Apprenticeship to the Guiding Relationship Construction of Contemporary Graduate Students

导学关系是当代研究生培养中的基本关系,导学关系的起源可追溯至中世纪时期的行会学徒制。行会学徒制是基于权利与义务而建立的契约式师徒关系制,呈现出师徒关系契约化,师徒权责明晰化,教学内容丰富化,教学行为规范化等典型特征。这些典型特征,为当代研究生导学关系构建提供了一定的启示:学校层面,构建明确而规范的制度保障体系;导师层面,重视立德树人与知识教育的有机融合;研究生层面,重视主动学习与交往能力的培养;导学关系层面,构建契约型导学关系。通过借鉴中世纪行会学徒制的相关经验,以期能更好地推动当代研究生良好导学关系的构建。

Guiding relationship is the basic relationship in modern postgraduate training,and the origin of guiding relationship can be traced back to the guild apprenticeship in the Middle Ages.Guild apprenticeship is a contractual mentoring relationship system based on rights and obligations,which shows typical characteristics such as contractual mentoring relationship,clearer rights and responsibilities of mentoring,rich teaching content and standardized teaching behavior.By drawing lessons from the typical characteristics of medieval guild apprenticeship,we can optimize the guiding relationship of contemporary graduate students from the following aspects:namely,at the school level,we should emphasize the establishment of a clear and standardized institutional guarantee system;At the tutor level,it emphasizes the organic integration of moral education and knowledge education.At the graduate level,emphasis is placed on the cultivation of active learning and communication ability;At the level of instructional relationship,it emphasizes the construction of contractual instructional relationship,in order to better promote the construction of a good instructional relationship among contemporary graduate students.