动词—构式语义关系的计量分析

A Quantitative Analysis of the Semantic Relations Between Verbs and Constructions

动词—构式匹配关系和语言的使用分布之间存在一定的对应关系。匹配关系主要是语义关系,使用分布倾向涉及构式的使用频次。但是,用语义事件结构来表述动词和构式,虽然可以合理表述全配构式和漏配构式,但却无法表述失配构式,更无法正确表述构式以及动词的使用分布倾向。本文参照统合语法观,提出更精细的"语义特征连贯原则",论证各类构式都遵循语义特征连贯原则。连贯的语义特征必须包括隐性的概念语义。在连贯原则的基础上,本文参照使用语法观,进一步推出概括性"使用分布倾向假设";并通过计量分析数据,揭示了构式和动词的使用分布倾向,从而证明了使用分布倾向假设的合理性,证明了语义特征连贯疏密程度和使用频次的关联性。本研究也证明了使用语法观和统合语法观在分析方法上有一定的互补性,也再次证明了认知事件框架理论的合适性。

There exists some correspondence between verb-construction relations and their usage distributions.The verb-construction relations are mainly semantic in nature,and their usage distributions are manifested in terms of frequency of constructions in use.The integration of verb meaning and constructional meaning can be used to account for fully-matched and partially-matched constructions.But it is not applicable to unmatched constructions.Nor is it applicable to the tendencies of usage distributions.From the viewpoints of unification-based grammar,this paper argues that legitimate and acceptable constructions all adhere to the fine-grained"Semantic Property Coherence Principle".The coherent conceptual contents must also include unexpressed conceptual meanings.Following the view of usage-based grammar,the authors propose the Usage Distributions Hypothesis,which states that usage frequency is correlated with the tendency of usage distributions.The paper argues with rich quantitative data that the degree of verb-construction coherence via semantic properties is related with the frequency of their use.This research also supports the complementarity between the usage-based grammar and the unification-based grammar and the adequacy of Cognitive Event Frame.