项目进村、不合作者与基层治理——基于江苏省天生桥村的调查

Projects Entring the Village, Non-cooperators and Grassroots Governance:An Exploration Based on Field Survey in Tianshengqiao Village, Jiangsu Province

在国家资源下乡和基层治理转型同步推进的背景下,基层社会面临新的治理环境。调查发现,项目进村阶段的不合作行为在资源向村庄聚集时显现出来,不合作者会利用各种机会提出利益诉求,其诉求涉及的利益相对微小、细碎,其行为具有反复性和不确定性,此类现象作为法治剩余事务和处于规范边缘的事务存在于村庄社会中。资源向村庄聚集激活了村庄利益主体的诉求,民意表达渠道的畅通为不合作者降低了要价成本,农民在公共建设中参与性不足使不合作者的要价行为缺乏社会约束。通过利益治理的方式回应不合作者,成为当前地方政府和基层组织的主要治理逻辑。利益治理能够在短期内化解项目落地过程中的不合作问题,却带来不合作行为再生产和基层治理"内卷化"困境。为破解基层治理转型困境,需重建村庄内部规范,加强基层自治组织建设,促进基层治理的规范性与有效性的平衡。

In the context of the simultaneous advancement of national resources to the countryside and the transformation of grassroots governance,grassroots society is facing a new type of governance environment.The survey finds that uncooperative behavior appears when national resources flow to rural areas in the initial stage of project implementation.Non-cooperators can take advantage of various opportunities to claim interests,which are relatively trivial and detailed,and their behavior is repetitive and uncertain.This phenomenon exists in villages as a residual matter of the rule of law and a matter on the edge of norms.With the demands of rural stakeholders activated by the gathering of resources towards rural areas,non-cooperators claim individual interests at a lower cost through unblocked channels for public opinions,but there is a lack of social constraints on the pricing behavior of noncooperators due to insufficient participation of farmers in public construction.Dealing with non-cooperators through profit-based governance has become the main logic for local governments and grassroots organizations.Profit-based governance is conducive to resolving the problem of non-cooperation in the process of project implementation in a short period of time,but it brings about the reproduction of uncooperative behavior and the“involution”dilemma of grassroots governance.In order to break through the dilemma of the transformation of grassroots governance,it is necessary to rebuild the internal norms of village society,enhance the autonomy of grassroots organizations,and promote the standardization and effectiveness of grassroots governance.