“撤点并校”是否提高了学生成绩——基于云南省鹤庆县中学合并的案例分析

Whether School Merger Programs Improved Academic Performance of Students: Based on the Case Study of Middle School Merger in Heqing County, Yunnan Province

"撤点并校"自推行以来,关于它的效果说法不一。本文以云南省鹤庆县为例,采用对学生跟踪调查的面板数据,使用双重差分方法对中学合并是否提高了学生成绩进行检验。研究结果显示,学校合并短期内(合并后的第1和第2学期)会显著降低学生成绩,但在合并后的第3学期特别是第4学期,学生成绩显著提高。该结论在控制学生、家庭、教师和学校等方面的特征变量后,依然成立。机制分析表明,学校合并后学生寄宿比例上升、班级规模扩大、家校距离增加会对学生成绩造成负向影响,但是男性班主任比例提高在一定程度上可以削弱学校合并的负向影响。在考察学校合并的异质性影响时,本文发现,学校合并主要提高了学生的语文成绩,学校合并后,数学成绩和英语成绩出现过下降,政治成绩则呈现先下降后上升的特点;学校合并短期内给女生、寄宿生和客校生学习成绩造成了显著的负向影响。

Since the implementation of school merger programs,there have been different opinions on its effect.This article takes Heqing County,Yunnan Province as an example and makes an empirical analysis on whether the combination of middle schools has improved students’academic performance by adopting a DID method based on the individual panel data of the follow-up survey.The results show that school merger programs have significantly reduced academic performance of students in a short period of time(in the first and second semesters),but their academic performance have started to improve significantly in the third,especially in the fourth semester after the school merger.The mechanism analysis shows that the increase of boarding proportion,the expansion of class size,and the increase of distance between home and school have a negative impact on students’performance,but the increase of the proportion of male teachers can weaken the negative impact of the school merger on students’performance to a certain extent.When investigating the heterogeneous impact of the school merger,this study finds that the school merger can mainly improve students’Chinese performance,significantly reduce their mathematics and English performance for some time,while their political performance declines first and then increases.School merger programs have a significant negative impact on the academic performance of girls,boarding students and visiting students in a short period of time.