数据驱动的企业动态能力作用机制研究——基于数据全生命周期管理的数字化转型过程分析

Research on Data-driven Operation Mechanism of Dynamic Capabilities——Based on Analysis of Digital Transformation Process from the Data Lifecycle Management

动态能力是企业在数字经济中实现业务模式和流程创新的有效途径,如何通过数据管理释放数据效能构建竞争优势值得进一步研究。本文以京东集团为例,基于数据全生命周期管理的视角,探讨动态能力在数字化情境下激发数据驱动效应实现数字化转型的作用机制。研究发现:①数据分析、运营和赋能平台发挥不同特性的数据驱动效应,实现了信息、流程、业务、产业及生态的数据化。②动态能力通过激发数据驱动效应推动企业数字化转型的作用机制包括:通过机会感知能力激活数据分析平台,实现数据的采集提取、智能分析和质量监控,感知数字商业机会;通过机会把控能力激活数据运营平台,实现数据的挖掘利用、流动互通和循环反馈,更新业务模式和流程管理;通过变革重构能力激活数据赋能平台,实现数据的内化重构、开放共享和知识创新,重构上下游产业链和建立数字生态系统。本文由此提出的企业有效感知和利用数字技术进行数据全生命周期管理,从而实现业务模式和流程数字化转型的理论模型,能够弥补已有文献对于数字化情境下动态能力作用机制研究不足所形成的理论缺口,也对数字平台和生态系统的数字化转型有一定的启示。

Building dynamic capabilities is an effective way for enterprises to realize business model and management process innovation in digital economy.How to employ data management to release data-driven effect in order to build competitive advantage is worthy of further investigation.By choosing the case of Jingdong Group,the study discusses the operation mechanism in which dynamic capabilities stimulate data-driven effect in order to realize digital transformation in the digital context from the perspective of data lifecycle management.The result demonstrates that data analysis platform,data operation platform and data enabling platform have different datadriven effects,which realize the digitization of information,process,business,industry and ecosystem.In addition,we shed the light on the mechanism of dynamic capabilities stimulating data-driven effect in order to realize digital transformation.Firstly,activate the data production platform through the sensing capability,and then realize the data collection and extraction,intelligent management and quality monitor in order to perceive digital business opportunities.Secondly,activate the data development platform by seizing capability,and then realize data extraction and utilization,flow interworking and circular feedback in order to update the business model and process management.Thirdly,activate the data enabling platform through the reconfiguring capability,and then realize the internalization and reconstruction,sharing and integration and knowledge innovation of data in order to reconstruct the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain and the digital ecosystem.Therefore,this study puts forward a theoretical framework for enterprises to effectively perceive and employ digital technology for data lifecycle management to realize the digital transformation.The framework makes up for the lack of research on the mechanism of dynamic capabilities in the digital context in the existing literature,and has some enlightenment for the digital transformation focusing on the digital platform and ecosystem.